Cable bundles for railway vehicles - implementations and good practices of the design

Właściwe zaprojektowanie i rozprowadzenie instalacji elektrycznej po taborze szynowym jest kluczowe dla stabilnego funkcjonowania instalacji elektrycznej pojazdu, a w późniejszym okresie eliminuje wiele problemów eksploatacyjnych. Artykuł omawia w szczególności okablowanie elektrycznych zespołów trakcyjnych jako najbardziej zaawansowaną i rozległą strukturę pojazdu szynowego. Inne pojazdy trakcyjne (zespoły spalinowe, wagony) są prostsze pod względem elektrycznym, bądź bardziej zwarte (lokomotywy)

Inadequate compliance with periconceptional folic acid supplementation in South Australia

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.comBackground: Despite recommendations for women to take folic acid supplements, there has been little reduction in the number of neural tube defect cases occurring each year. Aims: To assess the level of compliance of pregnant women to recommendations for folic acid supplementation in South Australia, and audit the labelled content in reported supplements used. Methods: A survey was conducted from May to September 2005 with 304 pregnant women recruited from antenatal clinics at the Lyell McEwin Health Service, the Women's and Children's Hospital and the Modbury Hospital in Adelaide. Results: Full compliance with supplementation recommendations for both timing and dose was achieved by 30% of women. Partial compliance was achieved by 43%, while 27% took no folic acid supplements. Conclusions: There is currently poor compliance with folic acid supplementation around conception. Additional food fortification may better achieve an adequate daily level of folic acid.Melissa L. Conlin, Alastair H. MacLennan and Jessica L. Broadben

NTPDase2 and Purinergic Signaling Control Progenitor Cell Proliferation in Neurogenic Niches of the Adult Mouse Brain

Nerve cells are continuously generated from stem cells in the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampal dentate gyrus. We have previously noted that stem/progenitor cells in the SVZ and the subgranular layer (SGL) of the dentate gyrus express high levels of plasma membrane-bound nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (NTPDase2), an ectoenzyme that hydrolyzes extracellular nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates. We inferred that deletion of NTPDase2 would increase local extracellular nucleoside triphosphate concentrations perturbing purinergic signaling and boosting progenitor cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Using newly generated mice globally null for Entpd2, we demonstrate that NTPDase2 is the major ectonucleotidase in these progenitor cell-rich areas. Using BrdU-labeling protocols, we have measured stem cell proliferation and determined long-term survival of cell progeny under basal conditions. Brains of Entpd2 null mice revealed increased progenitor cell proliferation in both the SVZ and the SGL. However, this occurred without noteworthy alterations in long-term progeny survival. The hippocampal stem cell pool and the pool of the intermediate progenitor type-2 cells clearly expanded. However, substantive proportions of these proliferating cells were lost during expansion at around type-3 stage. Cell loss was paralleled by decreases in cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in the doublecortin-positive progenitor cell population and by an increase in labeling for activated caspase-3 levels. We propose that NTPDase2 has functionality in scavenging mitogenic extracellular nucleoside triphosphates in neurogenic niches of the adult brain, thereby acting as a homeostatic regulator of nucleotide-mediated neural progenitor cell proliferation and expansion. Stem Cells 2015;33:253-264

Adaptive classifier selection on hierarchical context modeling for robust vision systems

This paper proposes a hierarchical image context based adaptable classifier ensemble for efficient visual information processing under uneven illumination environments. In the proposed method, classifier ensemble is constructed in two stages: i) it distinguishes the illumination context of input image in terms of hierarchical context modeling and ii) constructs classifier ensemble using the genetic algorithm (GA). It stores its experiences in terms of the illumination context hieratical manner and derives artificial chromosome so that the context knowledge can be accumulated and used for identification purpose. The proposed method operates in two modes: the learning mode and the action mode. It can improve its performance incrementally using GA in the learning mode. Once sufficient context knowledge is accumulated, the method can operate in real-time. The proposed method has been evaluated in the area of face recognition. The superiority of the proposed method has been shown using international face database FERE