The role of CA1 α-adrenoceptor on scopolamine induced memory impairment in male rats

Introduction: Similarities in the memory impairment between Alzheimer patients and scopolamine treated animals have been reported. In the present study, the possible role of α-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampus on scopolamine state-dependent memory in adult male Wistar rats was evaluated. Methods: The animals were bilaterally implanted with chronic cannulae in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus, trained in a step-through type inhibitory avoidance task, and tested 24 h after training to measure step-through latency. Results: Post-training intra-CA1 administration of scopolamine (0.5 and 2μg/rat) dose-dependently reduced the step-through latency, showing an amnestic response. Amnesia produced by post-training scopolamine (2 μg/rat) was reversed by pre-test administration of the scopolamine (0.5 and 2 μg/rat) that is due to a state-dependent effect. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of α1-adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine (0.25, 0.5 μg/rat) in the dose range that we used, could not affect memory impairment induced by post-training injection of scopolamine (2 μg/rat). However intra-CA1 pretest injection of α2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine (0.5 μg/rat) improved post-training scopolamine (2 μg/rat) intra-CA1 injection induced retrieval impairment. Furthermore, pre-test intra-CA1 microinjection of phenylephrine (0.25 and 0.5 μg/rat) or clonidine (0.25 and 0.5 μg/rat) with an ineffective dose of scopolamine (0.25 μg/rat), synergistically improved memory performance impaired by post-training scopolamine (2 μg/rat). Our results also showed that, pre-test injection of α1-receptor antagonist prazosin (1, 2 μg/rat) or α2-receptors antagonist yohimbine (1, 2 μg/rat) before effective dose of scopolamine (2 μg/rat) prevented the improvement of memory by pre-test scopolamine. Conclusion: These results suggest that α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region may play an important role in scopolamine-induced amnesia and scopolamine state-dependent memory

Pengaruh Kesehatan, Pelatihan Dan Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri Terhadap Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Pekerja Konstruksi Di Kota Tomohon

Faktor sumber daya manusia memegang peranan penting dan menentukan sukses atau tidaknya suatu pekerjaan konstruksi. Masalah keselamatan kerja pada pekerja konstruksi masih kurang diperhatikan, masih banyak pekerjaan konstruksi yang mengabaikan faktor keselamatan kerja seperti tidak menggunakan alat pelindung diri. Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa pengaruh kesehatan, pelatihan dan penggunaan alat pelindung diri terhadap kecelakaan kerja pada pekerja konstruksi di kota Tomohon.Metode survey digunakan untuk mendapatkan data utama, dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner untuk diisi oleh para pekerja konstruksi di kota Tomohon. Populasi penelitian ini sebanyak 3314 pekerja konstruksi, dengan sampel 370 pekerja. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji korelasi dan analisis regresi linier berganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor kesehatan, pelatihan dan penggunaan alat pelindung diri memiliki hubungan negatif dengan kecelakaan kerja, dimana semakin meningkatnya nilai ketiga faktor ini akan menurunkan potensi terjadinya kecelakaan kerja pada pekerja konstruksi di kota Tomohon

An Experimental-Intelligent Method to Predict Noise Value of Drilling in Dimension Stone Industry

The noise of drilling in the dimension stone business is unbearable for both the workplace and the people who work there. In order to reduce the negative effects drilling has on the health of the environment, the drilling noise has to be measured, assessed, and controlled. The main purpose of this work is to investigate an experimental-intelligent method to predict the noise value of drilling in the dimension stone industry. For this purpose, 135 laboratory tests are designed on five types of rocks (four types of hard rock and one type of soft rock): and their results are measured in the first step. In the second step, due to the unpredicted and uncertain issues in this case, artificial intelligence (AI) approaches are applied, and the modeling is conducted using three intelligent systems (IS): namely an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-SCM (ANFIS-SCM): an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-FCM (ANFIS-FCM): and the radial basis function network (RBF) neural network. 75% of the samples are considered for training, and the rest for testing. Several models are constructed, and the results indicate that although there is no significant difference between the models according to the performance indices, the proposed construction of ANFIS-SCM can be considered as an efficient tool in the evaluation of drilling noise. Finally, several scenarios are designed with different input modes, and the results obtained prove that the types of rock and the drill bits are more important than the operational characteristics of the machine

Involvement of dorsal hippocampal α-adrenergic receptors in the effect of scopolamine on memory retrieval in inhibitory avoidance task

The present study evaluated the possible role of α-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampus on scopolamine-induced amnesia and scopolamine state-dependent memory in adult male Wistar rats. The animals were bilaterally implanted with chronic cannulae in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus, trained in a step-through type inhibitory avoidance task, and tested 24. h after training to measure step-through latency. Results indicate that post-training or pre-test intra-CA1 administration of scopolamine (1 and 2μg/rat) dose-dependently reduced the step-through latency, showing an amnestic response. Amnesia produced by post-training scopolamine (2μg/rat) was reversed by pre-test administration of the scopolamine that is due to a state-dependent effect. Interestingly, pre-test intra-CA1 microinjection of α1-adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine (1 and 2μg/rat) or α2-adrenergic agonist, clonidine improved post-training scopolamine (2μg/rat)-induced retrieval impairment. Furthermore, pre-test intra-CA1 microinjection of phenylephrine (0.25, 0.5 and 1 μg/rat) or clonidine (0.25, 0.5 and 1 μg/rat) with an ineffective dose of scopolamine (0.25 μg/rat), synergistically improved memory performance impaired by post-training scopolamine. On the other hand, pre-test injection of α1-receptors antagonist prazosin (1 and 2 μg/rat) or α2-receptors antagonist yohimbine (1 and 2 μg/rat) prevented the restoration of memory by pre-test scopolamine. It is important to note that pre-test intra-CA1 administration of the same doses of prazosin or yohimbine, alone did not affect memory retrieval. These results suggest that α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 regions may play an important role in scopolamine-induced amnesia and scopolamine state-dependent memory. © 2010 Elsevier Inc

A Comparison of the effectiveness of cooperative and individual teaching methods on educational achievement of English in grade one of high school

The purpose of this study was to compare cooperative teaching and individual teaching on educational achievement in English in grade one of high school (female students). This study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test- and post- test with two experimental groups. The Statistical population was high school's first grade female students of Mahabad. For sampling, multi-stage cluster sampling was used. The sample size was 52 consist of 25 and 27 members in the experimental group (1) and (2) in which cooperation and individual teaching methods were used respectively. In order to equalize the members of groups the student's GPA were controlled and pre-test and IQ test were done. The results showed no significant difference between groups.The pre-test was a researcher-made. Reliability of the pre-test was obtained 0.83. The cooperative and individual methods were done for 2 months and then post- test was carried out. The results showed no significant differences between them. T-test analyzes shows significant differences between the two groups so that the first experimental group (cooperative) showed better performance in educational achievement

Ki-67/MIB-1 as a prognostic marker in cervical cancer - a systematic review with meta-analysis

Background: In cervical cancer patients it has been reported that there in a significant Ki-67/MIB-1 expression is correlated with survival in cervical cancer patients. However, the prognostic value is still not well understood. Materials and Methods: In the present meta-analysis the prognostic value of Ki-67/MIB-1 with regard to overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in cervical cancer was investigated. The databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Science Direct and Wiley Online Library were used to identify appropriate literature. Results: In order to explore the relationship between Ki-67/MIB-1 and cervical cancer, we have included 13 studies covering 894 patients in the current meta-analysis. The effect of Ki-67/MIB-1 on OS for pooled random effects HR estimate was 1.63 (95confidence interval (CI) 1.09-2.45; P0.05) and the subgroup analysis indicated Ki-67/MIB1 was associated with DFS (HR=3.67, 95CI 2.65-5.09) in Asians. Conclusions: According to this meta-analysis, Ki-67/MIB-1 has prognostic value for OS in patients suffering from cervical cancer. For better evaluation of the prognostic role of Ki-67/MIB-1 on DFS, studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to validate present findings in the future

Epidemiology of oral cancer in Iran: A systematic review

Background: Oral cancer stands among the 10 top causes of cancer death in the world. Considering the role of epidemiologic information on planning and effective interventions, the present study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of oral cancer in Iran. Materials and Methods: The required information for this systematic review study was obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL,SID, Medlib, Magiran and Iranmedex databases, using key words "cancer", "oral cancer", "squamous cell carcinoma", "oral cavity carcinoma" and their Persian equivalents in combination with keywords of epidemiology, prevalence, etiology, frequency, and Iran from 1990 to 2014. From 1,065 related studies found, finally 25 were included to the study. Results: The mean age of 8,248 patients in 25 studies was 54.0±15.1 years. The male/female ratio for oral cancer was 1.91. Tongue with average percentage of 29.9 was the most involved site. Regarding microscopic grade, 65.7 of cases were grade 1. SCCs, accounting for an average of 70.0, was the most common among all types of oral cancer. In the majority of studies, smoking including cigarette, hookah, and tobacco consumption was found to be a risk factor. Conclusions: The epidemiological pattern of oral cancer in Iran is somewhat similar to that of other countries. Yet the information on hand in this field is limited and considering the role of epidemiological data we suggest conducting more accurate studies to catch data that is required for effective programs and interventions

Left renal Ewing's sarcoma: A case study and a review of imaging literature

Extra-skeletal Ewing's sarcoma is among the rarest tumors in adults. The primary sites of the tumor dictates symptoms and signs, thus early treatments are compromised when more common tumors are lined up as differentials by the location. We present a case of a 35-year-old pregnant female who developed a renal Ewing sarcoma during pregnancy. A prior simple left kidney cyst in an ultrasound with no tumor signs was spotted. A month after her cesarean section she visited a doctor when she was sent and admitted for surgery with renal cell carcinoma as the primary diagnosis to the Firoozgar hospital. Histology confirmed the final diagnosis. To this end, she completed the standard chemotherapy for the renal Ewing sarcoma with pulmonary metastasis when she was re-evaluated for the general bone pain, diagnosed with multiple bone metastases, and ultimately approached her palliative care. She expired after 2 months. This study demonstrates: a gently progressive mass; palpable in late stages; introduced rise in mean corpuscular volume and lactate dehydrogenase with no drop in the hematocrit. In conclusion, any random parenchymal and/or cortical thickening in primary ultrasound and/or computed tomography demonstrating a cyst�whether displaying internal echo or not� with suggested signs should be furtherly evaluated. © 202

Undesired effect of excessive betamethasone administration during pregnancy: A rare case

Background: Postpartum bilateral femoral neck fracture (BFNF) is a rare condition. We here report a case of BFNF due to excessive corticosteroid consumption, twin pregnancy, immobility, and vitamin D deficiency. Case: This is a report of a 32-yr-old woman with bilateral femoral insufficiency fracture five days after emergency cesarean section due to preterm labor, twin pregnancy, and the history of a previous cesarean section at 33 wk. Antenatal repeated courses of betamethasone injections for fetal lung maturity, daily oral use of prednisolone for the history of miscarriage, immobilization, and vitamin D deficiency were the important contributing factors in her past medical history and lab investigations. The bone mineral density examination showed low bone density for the expected age. Conclusion: Clinicians, who deal with pregnant women, should consider the diagnosis of bilateral femoral insufficiency fracture in any pregnant women with pelvic pain. Awareness of risk factors of BFNF might help to reduce the rate of this complication. © 2018, Research and Clinical Center for Infertitlity. All rights reserved