Redesign Pusat Penelitian Dan Konservasi Ilmu Kelautan Fpik Unsrat Di Minahasa Utara (Eco-tech Architecture)

Penelitian dan konservasi di bidang kelautan merupakan cara yang tepat untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan alam laut unutk pembangunan sumber daya manusia serta disamping itu juga menambah daya tarik keanekaragaman biota laut apalagi selama ini wilayah perairan Indonesia adalah salah satu yang terbesar di indoneia. Banyak daerah yang belum memiliki fasilitas pusat penelitian dan konservasi yang memadai. Contohnya pusat penelitian dan konservasi di minahasa utara tepatnya di desa likupang dua, banyak yang dikeluhkan para peneliti karena tidak adanya peningkatan fasilitas, tidak berkembangnya fasilitas yang ada karena banyak fasilitas yang salah dirancang. Padahal merupakan pusat penelitian yang dimiliki oleh salah satu instansi ternama, yaitu Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Makadariitudiperlukan ide untuk mere-design dan meningkatkan fasilitas Pusat Penelitian dan konservasi tersebut sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan akan pengembangan hasil sumberdaya ilmu kelautan di waktu yang akan datang nanti. Padaintinya, SecarakeseluruhanObjek ini merupakanrepresentasiSuatu Sistem Ekologi dan Teknologi yang digunakan untuk menunjang kelangsungan kegiatan yang kondusif sebagai tema perancangan yang mengangkat keterpaduan antara objekbangunan,unsurdansumberdayaalamsekitar, yang dipadukan dengan teknologi yang tepatdemi kelangsungan objek ini

Analysis of Consumer Behavior on Purchase Intention of Counterfeit Shoes in Manado

The objective of this study is to understand the influence of attitude, value consciousness, social status, perceived price, and past experience toward consumer purchase intention of counterfeit shoes in Manado. The data was collected from 100 respondents that purchase counterfeit shoes and multiple regression analysis was used to test the relationship among variables. The result indicated that the perceived price has significant influence toward consumer purchase intention of counterfeit shoes in Manado. The characteristic of perceived price has substantial positive influence to the consumer purchase intention. The author recommends to shoes producers to pay more attention of the reasons why consumers in Manado consider the price is the main factor that influence the purchasing intention of consumers. Keywords: counterfeiting, counterfeit shoes, consumer behavior, consumer purchase intentio

Corona discharge characteristics of narrow coaxial wire- pipe discharge tubes with gas flow

An experimental investigation has been conducted to study corona discharge in a narrow tube. Narrow or capillary corona discharge (dis- charge tube diameter d = 1 to 20 mm) is used for many industrial applications such as flue gas cleaning corona induced plasma reactors, ion sources and electrohydrodynamic heat exchangers. In this work, corona discharge characteristics of narrow coaxial wire-pipe discharge tubes with gas flow are experimentally investigated. The results show that, unlike normal corona discharge, a hysteresis in the corona discharge current-voltage characteristics were observed for narrow tube discharges. The on-set of the corona discharge observed to be significantly depends on the gas temperature and gas flow rates 1.588 cm 0.d. copper tube was placed coaxially outside the system. Entrance and exit gas temperature of the wire-pipe corona discharge zone and outer-grounded pipe gas cooling zone were measured by T-type thermocouples. Time-averaged current was measured by the Keithly electrometer, and air flow rate in both flow channels was measured by a rotameter. The air flow flowing through the corona discharge zone was electrically heated at upstream of the system. Experiments are conducted for the gas flow rate from 0 to 20 [/min., the inlet gas temperature from 10 to 60°C, and the applied voltage from 0 to It 10 k

Discovery of X-ray emission rom the distant lensing cluster of galaxies CL2236-04 at z = 0.552

X-ray emission from the distant lensing cluster CL2236-04 at $z$ = 0.552 was discovered by ASCA and ROSAT/HRI observations. If the spherical symmetric mass distribution model of the cluster is assumed, the lensing estimate of the cluster mass is a factor of two higher than that obtained from X-ray observations as reported for many distant clusters. However, the elliptical and clumpy lens model proposed by Kneib et al.(1993) is surprisingly consistent with the X-ray observations assuming that the X-ray emitting hot gas is isothermal and in a hydrostatic equilibrium state. The existence of the cooling flow in the central region of the cluster is indicated by the short central cooling time and the excess flux detected by ROSAT/HRI compared to the ASCA flux. However, it is shown that even if the AXJ2239-0429 has a cooling flow in the central region, the temperature measured by ASCA which is the mean emission-weighted cluster temperature in this case, should not be cooler than and different from the virial temperature of the cluster. Therefore, we conclude that the effect of the clumpiness and non-zero ellipticity in the mass distribution of the cluster are essential to explain the observed feature of the giant luminous arc, and there is no discrepancy between strong lensing and X-ray estimation of the mass of the cluster in this cluster.Comment: 18 pages, including 4 postscripts figs, LaTex. To appear in Part 1 of The Astrophysical Journa

Ministries of Health and the Stewardship of Health Evidence

This chapter describes how Ministries of Health have been mandated to act as stewards of populations’ health according to the World Health Organization. We argue that this mandate extends to them having (at least partial) responsibility for ensuring relevant evidence informs policy decisions. Yet this requires consideration of the evidence advisory systems serving Ministry needs, particularly whether or how such systems work to provide relevant information in a timely manner to key decision points in the policy process. Insights from our six cases are presented to illustrate the structural and practical differences which exist between evidence advisory systems and how, at certain times, key health decisions may in fact lie outside ministerial authority. These divergent experiences highlight a range of analytical challenges when considering the provision of evidence to inform health decisions from an institutional perspective

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Perilaku Lansia dalam Pengendalian Hipertensi di Wilayah Puskesmas Fakfak Kota Kabupaten Fakfak

ABSTRACT Support from family and friends is really needed by hypertension sufferers in controlling hypertension. The family becomes a support system in the lives of elderly people with hypertension, so that their condition does not continue to get worse and is free from complications due to hypertension. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between family support and elderly behavior in controlling hypertension in the Fakfak Community Health Center, Fakfak Regency. The research method used is analytical quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The total sample was 111 people suffering from hypertension in the working area of the Fakfak Community Health Center. The results of the chi square test analysis with a significance level of 0.05% show that the p value is 0.000 <0.05%, which means there is a significant relationship between family support and the behavior of the elderly in controlling hypertension in the working area of the Fakfak Community Health Center. To control hypertension, the elderly need family support which can then influence hypertension control behavior in the elderly. The advice given to families is that families hope to increase their support for elderly people who suffer from hypertension, so that the behavior of elderly people in controlling hypertension becomes better. Keywords: Family Support, Behavior, Elderly, Hypertension  ABSTRAK Support keluarga serta teman sangat dibutuhkan penderita hipertensi dalam pengendalian hipertensi. Keluarga menjadi support system dalam kehidupan lansia pengidap hipertensi, supaya kondisi yang dirasakan tidak terus menjadi memburuk serta bebas dari komplikasi akibat hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku lansia dalam pengendalian hipertensi di wilayah Puskesmas Fakfak Kota Kabupaten Fakfak. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kuantitatif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 111 orang penderita hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Fakfak Kota. Hasil analisis uji chi square dengan taraf signifikan 0, 05% menunjukkan bahwa nilai p value 0, 000 < 0,05% yang artinya terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku lansia dalam pengendalian hipertensi di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Fakfak Kota. Untuk mengendalikan hipertensi, lansia memerlukan dukungan keluarga yang kemudian dapat mempengaruhi perilaku pengendalian hipertensi pada lansia. Saran yang diberikan untuk keluarga diharapkan keluarga lebih meningkatkan dukungan terhadap lansia yang menderita hipertensi, agar perilaku lansia dalam pengendalian hipertensi menjadi lebih baik. Kata Kunci: Dukungan Keluarga, Perilaku, Lansia, Hipertens

Development and characterisation of a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain with enhanced xylose fermentation properties

The purpose of this study was to help lay the foundation for further development of xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains through an approach that combined metabolic engineering and random mutagenesis in a recombinant hap-loid strain that overexpressed only two genes of the xylose pathway. Previously, S. cerevisiae strains, overexpressing heterologous genes encoding xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase and the endogenous XKS1 xylulokinase gene, were randomly mutagenised to develop improved xylose-fermenting strains. In this study, two gene cassettes (ADHI p-PsXYL1-ADH1T- and PGKlP-PsXYL2-PGK1T) containing the xylose reductase (PsXYL1) and xylitol dehydrogenase (PsXYL2) genes from the xylose-fermenting yeast, Pichia stipitis, were integrated into the genome of a haploid S. cerevisiae strain (CEN.PK 2-1D). The resulting recombinant strain (YUSM 1001) over-expressing the P. stipitis XYL1 and XYL2 genes (but not the endogenous XKS1 gene) was subjected to ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. The resulting mutants were screened for faster growth rates on an agar medium containing xylose as the sole carbon source. A mutant strain (designated Y-X) that showed 20-fold faster growth in xylose medium in shake-flask cultures was isolated and characterised. In anaerobic batch fermentation, the Y-X mutant strain consumed 2.5-times more xylose than the YUSM 1001 parental strain and also produced more ethanol and glycerol. The xylitol yield from the mutant strain was lower than that from the parental strain, which did not produce glycerol and ethanol from xylose. The mutant also showed a 50% reduction in glucose consumption rate. Transcript levels of XYL1, XYL2 and XKS1 and the GPD2 glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene from the two strains were compared with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. The mutant showed 10-40 times higher relative expression of these four genes, which corresponded with either the higher activities of their encoded enzymes or by-product formation during fermentation. Furthermore, no mutations were observed in the mutant's promoter sequences or the open reading frames of some of its key genes involved in carbon catabolite repression, glycerol production and redox balancing. The data suggest that the enhancement of the xylose fermentation properties of the Y-X mutant was made possible by increased expression of the xylose pathway genes, especially the XKS1 xylulokinase gene.9 page(s

Evaluation of Schistosoma mansoni cercaricidal activity of Solamargine a steroid glycoalkaloid from Solanum syzybrilifolium

ABSTRACT- The cercaricidal activity of a mixed solamargine (1) and β-solamarine (2) solution were directly tested against Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and a time-concentration relationship was observed; the concentrations needed to kill all cercariae (LC100) within 10 min of exposure were 0.01 mg/mL. Mixed solamargine (1) and β-solamarine (2) solution have a high level of cercaricidal activity against free swimming cercariae and it seems to be ecologically safe, since it is known to have very low toxicity to fish. The possible use of such sublethal concentrations in schistosomiasis transmission sites as an oriented promising technique to control this parasite and to minimize or prevent water pollution with pesticides