Correlaci?n entre la ganancia de peso diaria y la digestibilidad in vitro en ovinos en pastoreo suplementados con especies forrajeras del bosque seco tropical

39 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLos ovinos se han convertido en animales de producci?n interesantes para los peque?os productores, especialmente en las regiones secas del mundo, donde adem?s de las gram?neas convencionales pueden utilizar otras especies vegetales que los bovinos no consumen Sin embargo, en la estaci?n seca existe baja en la producci?n y calidad de los forrajes, afectando el consumo y digestibilidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue correlacionar la ganancia de peso diaria con algunas variables nutricionales, determinar la digestibilidad y degradabilidad In Vitro de las dietas. El trabajo de investigaci?n fue realizado en la granja ?El Recreo? de la Universidad de Tolima, ubicada en el municipio de Guamo (Tolima) y en el laboratorio de nutrici?n animal de la Universidad del Tolima. Se realiz? un sistema de terminaci?n en pastoreo, adecuando un aprisco con una divisi?n de 5 corrales, dotados con comederos y bebederos. La suplementaci?n se realiz? con base de especies forrajeras en una proporci?n 70:30 (Pastoreo; suplemento), los cuales fueron considerados como tratamientos. Estos consistieron en: T1 (control) = 100% de Botrocloa pertusa; T2 = Senna spectabilis; T3= Leucaena leucocephala; T4= Glricidria sepium; T5= Guazuma ulmifolia. Los suplementos se le suministraron a los ovinos en pastoreo con praderas predominantes en pasto Colosuana. Para este fin se utilizaron 35 ovinos de pelo escogidos bajo los par?metros de similitud en peso y fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 5 grupos de 7 animales cada uno. Para medir el desempe?o animal se realiz? pesajes mensuales, para tener en cuenta la ganancia de peso diaria. A todas las especies se les realizo bromatol?gico, digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS). La degradabilidad in vitro de la MS se determin? por medio de la metodolog?a Deisy II de la marca Ankom?. Se observ? que la dieta 4 (G. sepium) tubo diferencia significativa en la degradabilidad a las 48 horas con valor p <0.0001 con respecto a los otros tratamientos. La ganancia de peso est? relacionada con el porcentaje de MS, el S. spectabilis con el mayor porcentaje de materia seca (74,7), obtuvo la mayor ganancia de pesos diario (58 g). Palabras clave: Degradabilidad, Digestibilidad, Pastoreo, Ganancia diaria de peso, peque?os Rumiantes.The sheep animals have been turning into production animals so interesting for the small producers, especially in the dry regions around the world. Where besides of the conventional grasses, they can utilize other vegetables species that the bovines don?t it. However, in the dry station exists slow production and quality of forages affecting the consumption and digestibility. The object of the investigation was correlated the daily weight gain with some nutritional variables, it was also determined In Vitro digestibility and degradability of diets. This investigation was realized at the farm ?el Recreo? in the Tolima University, located in the municipality of Guamo (Tolima) and the animal nutrition laboratory of the Tolima University. It was realized a grazing termination system adapting a sheepfold with a division of 5 pens, each with feeders and drinking troughs. The supplementation was realized with base on forage species at a rate of 70:30 (grazing, supplement), which were considered as treatments, these ones consisted in: T1 (control) = 100% Botrocloa pertusa; T2 = Senna spectabilis; T3 = Leucaena leucocephala; T4 = Glicidria sepium; T5 = Guazuma ulmifolia. The supplements were given to the sheep in pasture with predominant meadows in Colosuana grass. For this purpose, 35 hair sheep were selected under the parameters of similarity in weight, they were used and they were randomly distributed in 5 groups of 7 animals each. To measure animal performance, monthly weighings were performed to take into account the daily weight gain. All species were subjected to bromatological, in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DIVMS). The in vitro degradability of the MS was determined by the Deisy II methodology of the Ankom? brand. It was observed that diet 4 (G. sepium) tube significant difference in the degradability at 48 hours with value p <0.0001 with respect to the other treatments. Weight gain is related to the percentage of DM, S. spectabilis with the highest percentage of dry matter (74.7), obtained the highest daily weight gain (58 g). Keywords: Degradability, digestibility, grazing, daily weight gain, small ruminants

Supersymmetric Kundt four manifolds and their spinorial evolution flows

We investigate the differential geometry and topology of four-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds $(M,g)$ equipped with a real Killing spinor $\varepsilon$, where $\varepsilon$ is defined as a section of a bundle of irreducible real Clifford modules satisfying the Killing spinor equation with non-zero real constant. Such triples $(M,g,\varepsilon)$ are precisely the supersymmetric configurations of minimal four-dimensional supergravity and necessarily belong to the class Kundt of space-times, hence we refer to them as supersymmetric Kundt configurations. We characterize a class of Lorentzian metrics on $\mathbb{R}^2\times X$, where $X$ is a two-dimensional oriented manifold, to which every supersymmetric Kundt configuration is locally isometric, proving that $X$ must be an elementary hyperbolic Riemann surface when equipped with the natural induced metric. This yields a class of space-times that vastly generalize the Siklos class of space-times describing gravitational waves in AdS$_4$. Furthermore, we study the Cauchy problem posed by a real Killing spinor and we prove that the corresponding evolution problem is equivalent to a system of differential flow equations, the real Killing spinorial flow equations, for a family of functions and coframes on any Cauchy hypersurface $\Sigma\subset M$. Using this formulation, we prove that the evolution flow defined by a real Killing spinor preserves the Hamiltonian and momentum constraints of the Einstein equation with negative curvature and is therefore compatible with the latter. Moreover, we explicitly construct all left-invariant evolution flows defined by a Killing spinor on a simply connected three-dimensional Lie group, classifying along the way all solutions to the corresponding constraint equations, some of which also satisfy the constraint equations associated to the Einstein condition.Comment: 28 pages, 2 tables. Minor text fixe

Delayed cystogenesis and increased ciliogenesis associated with the re-expression of polaris in Tg737 mutant mice

Delayed cystogenesis and increased ciliogenesis associated with the re-expression of polaris inTg737 mutant mice.BackgroundRenal cysts and shortened cilia on renal tubular epithelia have been observed in Tg737orpk (orpk) mutant mice, suggesting a potential connection between cystogenesis and ciliogenesis. To further test this hypothesis we have characterized the progression of cystic disease and cilia expression in orpk, orpk;Tg737Rsq (orpk rescue), and Tg737Δ2-3βGal;Tg737Rsq (KO rescue) mice.MethodsOrpk, orpk rescue, and KO rescue animals were generated and analyzed from postnatal day (P) 0 to P21 (orpk mutants) or from P0 to P210 (orpk rescue and KO rescue animals). Proximal tubules (PT) and collecting tubules (CT) were identified by immunohistochemistry using segment-specific lectins and a segment-specific cystic index was calculated. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to observe and measure cilia expression in cysts from orpk, orpk rescue, and KO rescue animals.ResultsKO rescue and orpk rescue animals develop adult-onset autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Ultrastructural analysis of cilia expression revealed that cysts from orpk expressed short cilia, whereas cysts from KO rescue animals expressed normal length cilia and cysts from orpk rescue animals expressed cilia that are two to five times longer than wild type.ConclusionWhile this data is consistent with a role for polaris in ciliogenesis, it does not support a direct connection between ciliogenesis and cystic disease. Similarities in cyst formation and striking differences in cilia expression associated with these ARPKD mouse models indicates that cyst formation and cilia expression are independent phenotypic features regulated by polaris

Crystal structure of the catalytic fragment of murine poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has become an important pharmacological target in the treatment of cancer due to its cellular role as a 'DNA-strand break sensor', which leads in part to resistance to some existing chemo- and radiological treatments. Inhibitors have now been developed which prevent PARP-1 from synthesizing poly(ADP-ribose) in response to DNA-breaks and potentiate the cytotoxicity of DNA damaging agents. However, with the recent discoveries of PARP-2, which has a similar DNA-damage dependent catalytic activity, and additional members containing the 'PARP catalytic' signature, the isoform selectivity and resultant pharmacological effects of existing inhibitors are brought into question. We present here the crystal structure of the catalytic fragment of murine PARP-2, at 2.8 A resolution, and compare this to the catalytic fragment of PARP-1, with an emphasis on providing a possible framework for rational drug design in order to develop future isoform-specific inhibitors

Flight path analysis in sounding rocket “Libertador I” with computational simulation on three degrees of freedom

This paper presents obtained results from computer simulations in order to analyze the flight path of the sounding rocket Libertador I, developed in 2012 at the Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. The main aspects that affect the motion of a rocket are propulsion and aerodynamics effects. Numerical algorithms were implemented to value the thrust provided by the rocket motor as well as aerodynamic loads. Then, the differential equations of the motion are solved using the Runge-Kutta method, RK9. Trajectory and other numerical results are calculated from a code developed in FORTRAN. Finally, graphs of the flight path, curves of the vehicle velocity as function of time are presented. Also, the algorithm permits to determine the maximum altitude and possible impact sites.Facultad de Ingenierí

Flight path analysis in sounding rocket “Libertador I” with computational simulation on three degrees of freedom

This paper presents obtained results from computer simulations in order to analyze the flight path of the sounding rocket Libertador I, developed in 2012 at the Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. The main aspects that affect the motion of a rocket are propulsion and aerodynamics effects. Numerical algorithms were implemented to value the thrust provided by the rocket motor as well as aerodynamic loads. Then, the differential equations of the motion are solved using the Runge-Kutta method, RK9. Trajectory and other numerical results are calculated from a code developed in FORTRAN. Finally, graphs of the flight path, curves of the vehicle velocity as function of time are presented. Also, the algorithm permits to determine the maximum altitude and possible impact sites.Facultad de Ingenierí

Alcohol drinking and low nutritional value food eating behavior of sports bettors in gambling advertisements

The prevalence of sports betting advertising has become a major concern for gambling regulators, particularly since the legalization of online gambling in many European jurisdictions. Although the composition of gambling advertisement narratives has received some limited attention, nothing is known regarding how betting advertisements (often referred to as “adverts” or “commercials”) might be associating gambling with other potentially risky behaviors. The present paper examines the representation of alcohol drinking and low nutritional value food eating in sports betting advertising. By means of a mixed-methods approach to content analysis, a sample of British and Spanish soccer betting adverts was analyzed (N = 135). The results suggest that betting advertising aligns drinking alcohol with sports culture and significantly associates emotionally charged sporting situations such as watching live games or celebrating goals with alcohol. Additionally, alcohol drinking is more frequent in betting adverts with a higher number of characters, linking friendship bonding and alcohol drinking (especially beer) in the context of sports gambling

Degradación de rojo congo en un fotorreactor tubular de tecnología excimer. Estudio cinético

Como ampliación al estudio realizado sobre la fotodegradación de rojo congo con lámparas discontinuas de tecnologíaexcimer de XeBr, KrCl y Cl2, en este trabajo se ha estudiado la fotodegradación de dicho colorante mediante un fotorreactor continuo de KrCl, con recirculación, con H2O2 y con reactivo Fenton. Del estudio de la influencia de las condiciones de operación, se han seleccionado los valores de caudal y de concentración inicial de rojo congo óptimos para su degradación. Adicionalmente, se ha comprobado que la degradación de rojo congo mejora al aumentar la cantidad de H2O2 adicionada al medio hasta una relación molar H2O2: rojo congo de 75:1 a partir de la cual ya no aumenta más. Además, la fotodegradación de rojo congo también se ve favorecida al aumentar la concentración de Fe2+ al utilizar el reactivo Fenton.El modelo modificado de pseudo primer orden propuestopreviamente se ha aplicado a este tipo de reactor. Delajuste del modelo, se ha obtenido la tendencia de la constantede velocidad (k), para las diferentes series experimentales.Además, los valores calculados con el modelopara la conversión de rojo congo se han comparado conlos experimentales, obteniéndose un buen ajuste lineal.Finalmente, se ha realizado un análisis ANOVA confirmándosela validez del modelo

Unexpected interfarm transmission dynamics during a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic

Next-generation sequencing technology is now being increasingly applied to study the within- and between-host population dynamics of viruses. However, information on avian influenza virus evolution and transmission during a naturally occurring epidemic is still limited. Here, we use deep-sequencing data obtained from clinical samples collected from five industrial holdings and a backyard farm infected during the 2013 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N7 epidemic in Italy to unravel (i) the epidemic virus population diversity, (ii) the evolution of virus pathogenicity, and (iii) the pathways of viral transmission between different holdings and sheds. We show a high level of genetic diversity of the HPAI H7N7 viruses within a single farm as a consequence of separate bottlenecks and founder effects. In particular, we identified the cocirculation in the index case of two viral strains showing a different insertion at the hemagglutinin cleavage site, as well as nine nucleotide differences at the consensus level and 92 minority variants. To assess interfarm transmission, we combined epidemiological and genetic data and identified the index case as the major source of the virus, suggesting the spread of different viral haplotypes from the index farm to the other industrial holdings, probably at different time points. Our results revealed interfarm transmission dynamics that the epidemiological data alone could not unravel and demonstrated that delay in the disease detection and stamping out was the major cause of the emergence and the spread of the HPAI strain