Epidemiologic and clinical updates on impulse control disorders: a critical review

The article reviews the current knowledge about the impulse control disorders (ICDs) with specific emphasis on epidemiological and pharmacological advances. In addition to the traditional ICDs present in the DSM-IV—pathological gambling, trichotillomania, kleptomania, pyromania and intermittent explosive disorder—a brief description of the new proposed ICDs—compulsive–impulsive (C–I) Internet usage disorder, C–I sexual behaviors, C–I skin picking and C–I shopping—is provided. Specifically, the article summarizes the phenomenology, epidemiology and comorbidity of the ICDs. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between ICDs and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Finally, current pharmacological options for treating ICDs are presented and discussed

Paleogene terrigenous (flysch) sequences in Etoloakarnania region (W. Greece). Plankton stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental implications

Based on calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifera1 biostratigraphic data from flysch sequences, we give evidence for the paleoenvironmental evolution of Gavrovo and Ionian foreland basins (External Hellenides, Etoloakarnania region). Our data suggest that the onset of clastic sedimentation in both foreland basins in the study area is chronostratigraphically placed at Late Eocene (from 36.2-34.4 Ma; nannofossil biozones NP19-20, planktonic foraminifera biozones P16-17). During the earliest Oligocene (NP21-22 nannofossil biozones/34.4-32.45 Ma), both basins represent restricted accumulation of sediments, mainly composed of clays and silts. The presence of thick flysch deposits, accumulated during Early Oligocene (33.4-30 Ma, nannofossil zone NP23), indicates an increasing rate of sediment supply. The flysch sequences in the Ionian basin are associated with a distal depositional environment, while in the same time the sedimentation in the external part of Gavrovo basin is related to a more proximal environment that is gradually deepening. On the contrary, the internal part of Gavrovo basin is characterised by deep-water facies, deposited in the Early Oligocene. At the end of Early Oligocene and the onset of Late Oligocene (nannofossil zone NP24/30-27.2 Ma, planktonic foraminifera zone P21), the deposition of coarse grained sediments in both basins indicates a shift to shallower depositional environment. The accumulation of fine-grained sediments during Late Oligocene (27.2-23.2 Ma, NP25 nannofossil biozone) in the Ionian basin marks the youngest flysch sediments in the Etoloakarnania region and specifies the time of the Gavrovo nappe emplacement on the Ionian zone. Moreover the emplacement of Pindos nappe on the Gavrovo zone is estimated between 30-27.2 Ma (NP24 biozone) as supported by the nannofossil analysis of samples in front of Pindos thrust. © 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved