RAPID BLEEDING REGION DETECTION IN WIRELESS CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY VIDEOS

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCC) is a medical imaging technique used to examine parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Computer aided detection is used to increase the speed of detection, better performance and reduce the time. Before finding the bleeding regions the edge regions are first detected and removed. Both the edge and the bleeding regions will share the same Hue value and the luminance should be same for the bleeding and the non -bleeding regions .We use a canny edge detector operator for detecting the edge regions in L channel. Canny edge detector is used to detect more edge pixels and preserve more bleeding pixels based up on canny edge algorithm. This method in edge removal algorithm includes edge detection, edge dilation and edge masking. After the removal of edges, those regions are made in to segment through super-pixel segmentation and regions are classified using Artificial Neural Network by Radial Bias Function (RBF).Â

Development of the Magnetic Excitations of Charge-Stripe Ordered La(2-x)Sr(x)NiO(4) on Doping Towards Checkerboard Charge Order

The magnetic excitation spectrums of charge stripe ordered La(2-x)Sr(x)NiO(4) x = 0.45 and x = 0.4 were studied by inelastic neutron scattering. We found the magnetic excitation spectrum of x = 0.45 from the ordered Ni^2+ S = 1 spins to match that of checkerboard charge ordered La(1.5)Sr(0.5)NiO(4). The distinctive asymmetry in the magnetic excitations above 40 meV was observed for both doping levels, but an additional ferromagnetic mode was observed in x = 0.45 and not in the x = 0.4. We discuss the origin of crossover in the excitation spectrum between x = 0.45 and x = 0.4 with respect to discommensurations in the charge stripe structure.Comment: 4 Figures. To be appear in the J. Kor. Phys. Soc. as a proceedings paper from the ICM 2012 conferenc

KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE BETWEEN GENERATIONS AND ITS EFFECT ON RAJONIVRITHI

Menopause is a normal, natural and inevitable phenomenon in a female life. It is a part of ageing. Most women will experience some symptoms around the menopause. The duration and severity of these symptoms varies from woman to woman. Rajonivrithi kala has been mentioned as 50 years in a female by almost all Ayurveda acharyas. But not mention any symptoms or health problems specially related to this transitional period. Nidana of Rajonivrithi is assigned to the factors like Jara, Kala, Swabhava, Vayu, Dhatukshaya and Karma. It is the Sandhikala of Youvanakala and Vardhakyakala. This is the transitional period of Dosha predominance from Pitta to Vata. At this stage alteration in the physiological activities of Pitta dosha and association of increase in Vatha dosha leads to hot flushes and other symptoms of menopause ie menopausal symptoms. Rajonivrithi lakshanas are not mentioned in our classical texts as such. What is the reason of avoiding menopausal symptoms or Aarthava virama vikaras from all Ayurvedic classics? There is a chance that menopausal period was comparatively uneventful in the previous generation when compare to present generation. This characters or change in response can be attributed to the regular practice of Ayurvedic life style, and traditional reproductive health care practice (including Rajaswalacharya Garbhinicharya & Soothikacharya). Garbhinicharya & Soothikacharya are commonly practiced by new generation up to an extent. But practicing of Rajaswalacharya is uncommon. To find out whether any relation between the reproductive life care and menopausal symptoms we conduct a survey among patients coming in the center with menopausal ailments. In survey it was observed that the Rajaswala charya was more prevalent in the older generation when compared to the present generation, and this might have contributed to a healthier menopausal period, in the older generations

Four layer bandage compared with short stretch bandage for venous leg ulcers: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with data from individual patients

<p><b>Objective:</b> To compare the effectiveness of two types of compression treatment (four layer bandage and short stretch bandage) in people with venous leg ulceration.</p> <p><b>Design:</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of patient level data.</p> <p><b>Data:</b> sources Electronic databases (the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and National Research Register) and reference lists of retrieved articles searched to identify relevant trials and primary investigators. Primary investigators of eligible trials were invited to contribute raw data for re-analysis.</p> <p><b>Review:</b> methods Randomised controlled trials of four layer bandage compared with short stretch bandage in people with venous leg ulceration were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome for the meta-analysis was time to healing. Cox proportional hazards models were run to compare the methods in terms of time to healing with adjustment for independent predictors of healing. Secondary outcomes included incidence and number of adverse events per patient.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Seven eligible trials were identified (887 patients), and patient level data were retrieved for five (797 patients, 90% of known randomised patients). The four layer bandage was associated with significantly shorter time to healing: hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) from multifactorial model based on five trials was 1.31 (1.09 to 1.58), P=0.005. Larger ulcer area at baseline, more chronic ulceration, and previous ulceration were all independent predictors of delayed healing. Data from two trials showed no evidence of a difference in adverse event profiles between the two bandage types.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Venous leg ulcers in patients treated with four layer bandages heal faster, on average, than those of people treated with the short stretch bandage. Benefits were consistent across patients with differing prognostic profiles.</p&gt

Rural family businesses and exporting behaviour

Driven by the importance of exporting for growth, this report examines the exporting behaviour of UK small firms in rural and urban locations. Analysing data from five waves of the Longitudinal Small Business Survey from 2015 to 2019, the report examines the development by firms of goods or services that are suitable for exporting and the subsequent decision to export, either consistently or intermittently. Overall, we find significant differences between rural and urban firms in terms of exporting, where firms located in sparse, dispersed areas were more likely to export, although less likely if they declared themselves as family businesses. We also find that some types of firms, BAME-owned and women-owned businesses, are much less likely to develop tradeable goods and services. We demonstrate how the role of advice seems specifically connected to the decision to develop tradeable goods and services, rather than exporting per se. The research confirms the importance of productivity and innovation on both exporting and developing tradeable goods and services. We propose a future research agenda on the exporting practices of rural family businesses and women-owned enterprise, and on the role of exporting advice

btn1, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe homologue of the human Batten disease gene CLN3, regulates vacuole homeostasis

International audienc

Loss of CLN7 results in depletion of soluble lysosomal proteins and impaired mTOR reactivation

Defects in the MFSD8 gene encoding the lysosomal membrane protein CLN7 lead to CLN7 disease, a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder belonging to the group of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs). Here we have performed a SILAC-based quantitative analysis of the lysosomal proteome using Cln7-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from a Cln7 knockout (ko) mouse model. From 3335 different proteins identified, we detected 56 soluble lysosomal proteins and 29 highly abundant lysosomal membrane proteins. Quantification revealed that the amounts of 12 different soluble lysosomal proteins were significantly reduced in Cln7 ko MEFs compared with wild type controls. One of the most significantly depleted lysosomal proteins was Cln5 protein that underlies another distinct NCL disorder. Expression analyses showed that the mRNA expression, biosynthesis, intracellular sorting and proteolytic processing of Cln5 were not affected, whereas the depletion of mature Cln5 protein was due to increased proteolytic degradation by cysteine proteases in Cln7 ko lysosomes. Considering the similar phenotypes of CLN5 and CLN7 patients, our data suggest that depletion of CLN5 may play an important part in the pathogenesis of CLN7 disease. In addition, we found a defect in the ability of Cln7 ko MEFs to adapt to starvation conditions as shown by impaired mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 reactivation, reduced autolysosome tubulation and increased perinuclear accumulation of autolysosomes compared to controls. In summary, depletion of multiple soluble lysosomal proteins suggest a critical role of CLN7 for lysosomal function, which may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of CLN7 disease

Integrin beta 1 coordinates survival and morphogenesis of the embryonic lineage upon implantation and pluripotency transition

At implantation, the embryo establishes contacts with the maternal endometrium. This stage is associated with a high incidence of preclinical pregnancy losses. While the maternal factors underlying uterine receptivity have been investigated, the signals required by the embryo for successful peri-implantation development remain elusive. To explore these, we studied integrin beta 1 signaling, as embryos deficient for this receptor degenerate at implantation. We demonstrate that the coordinated action of pro-survival signals and localized actomyosin suppression via integrin beta 1 permits the development of the embryo beyond implantation. Failure of either process leads to developmental arrest and apoptosis. Pharmacological stimulation through fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), coupled with ROCK-mediated actomyosin inhibition, rescues the deficiency of integrin beta 1, promoting progression to post-implantation stages. Mutual exclusion between integrin beta 1 and actomyosin seems to be conserved in the human embryo, suggesting the possibility that these mechanisms could also underlie the transition of the human epiblast from pre- to post-implantation