A floristic study of the Sorkhankol Wildlife Refuge, Guilan province, Iran

Sorkhankol Wildlife Refuge with an area of 1209 ha is located in the central part of Anzali Wetland. In total, 81 species belonging to 35 families and 68 genera were surveyed and identified on the basis of a floristic study from July 2013 through June 2014. The largest families are Poaceae (11 taxa), Asteraceae (8 taxa) Apiaceae, Brassicaceae and Cyperacae (5 taxa). The dominant life forms were cryptophyte (43.21%), followed by the therophytes (39.51%), hemicryptophytes (13.58%) and phanerophytes (3.7%). From the chorological point of view, the largest proportion of the flora belongs to the pluriregional elements (44.44%). A comparison between our study and other parts of the Anzali Wetland showed that Sorkhankol was not particularly species-rich. Currently, the major threats to the research area include eutrophication, pressure from boating and fishing activities, invasion of exotic species and other human induced disturbances

Floristic, life form and chorological studies of the Abshar protected area, Shirgah, Mazandaran Province, north of Iran

The Abshar protected area with 3639 ha and an altitude ranging from 400-855 m a.s.l. is one of the forest areas that due to its topography is covered by Carpinus betulus, Parrotia persica and Diospyros lotus speices. The floristic study of this area is long with sampling plots. The floristic-physiognomic investigation showed that flora of this region included 99 plant species which belonged to 81 genera and 49 families. The largest family was Rosaceae with 10 species. Classification based on life form spectrum indicated that geophytes (31.31%), phanerophytes (29.29%), hemicryptophytes (25.25%) and therophytes (14.14%) comprise the plants in the studied area. The results of chorological studies showed that the chorotype form Euro-Siberian elements (32 taxa, 32.32%) were the most important phytochorion in this area. Long period of wetness during the growing season and relatively high annual precipitation are the reasons of the high proportion of geophytes existence in the studied area. Phytogeographical comparison of the Abshar protected forest and the other forests in north of Iran identified two peaks in phytochoria curves, one in Euro-Siberian and the other one is in the Pluriregional elements

Floristic characteristics of the Hyrcanian submountain forests (case study: Ata-Kuh forest)

Ata-Kuh forest, a preserved area within Hyrcanian relict forests, with an area of 700 ha is located in north of Iran. Based on floristic studies from 2011 through 2012, 194 vascular plant species were identified belonging to 143 genera and 66 families. Among our samples, 24 taxa were endemic to Hyrcanian area. The largest families in the area were Rosaceae (10.3 %), Poaceae (9.7 %), Asteraceae (6.7 %), Fabaceae (5.6 %) and Lamiaceae (5.1 %). The genera represented by the greatest number of species were Rubus (8 species), Carex (7 species), Viola and Euphorbia (each with four species). Classification based on life form indicated that geophytes comprise the largest proportion of the plants in the studied area. From the chorological point of view, the largest proportion of the flora belonged to the Euro-Siberian elements (60 taxa, 31.1%). In this study, a comparison was performed between our results and other studies on the northern Iranian forests with respect to life forms and phytochoria. Psilotum nodum is reported here again from a new locality in North Iran, indicating the old Tertiary history of this forest

Role of polymorphisms of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in predicting slow-flow phenomenon after primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the association between 2 polymorphisms of the endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) gene (-786T>C and +894G>T) and the no-reflow/slow-flow phenomenon in post-primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) patients. Methods: A total of 103 post-PPCI patients were enrolled. Coronary no-reflow phenomenon was defined as a Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 0-1 and coronary slow-flow phenomenon (CSFP) was defined as a TIMI flow grade �2. Results: Due to the small number of post-PPCI patients with the no-reflow phenomenon (n=4), the primary comparison was made between CSFP (n=20) and normal flow (n=83) groups. There was a greater frequency of CSFP among carriers of the-786C allele of the eNOS-786T>C polymorphism (odds ratio OR: 3.90; 95% confidence interval CI: 0.87-17.45; p=0.07). However, no such association was detected between the +894T allele of the eNOS +894G>T and CSFP (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.21-3.98; p=0.91). In the adjusted analysis, the-786T>C polymorphism did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: There was no significant association between CSFP and 2 of the most common polymorphisms of the eNOS gene in post-PPCI patients. © 2020 Turkish Society of Cardiology

The risk factors and predictive factors for anastomotic leakage after resection for colorectal cancer: reappraisal of the literature

Anastomotic leakage is a serious complication that can occur after colorectal surgery. Several risk factors for anastomotic leakage have been reported based on the findings of prospective and retrospective studies, including patient characteristics, the use of neoadjuvant therapy, the tumor location, intraoperative events, etc. However, as these risk factors affect each other, the statistical results have differed in each study. In addition, differences in surgical methods, including laparoscopy versus laparotomy or stapling anastomosis versus handsewn anastomosis, may influence the incidence of anastomotic leakage. This mini-review summarizes the results of reported papers to clarify the current evidence of risk factors for anastomotic leakage

Anatomical study on some species of genus Cyperus in northern Iran

Comparative anatomy of six taxa of Cyperus distributed in the north of Iran was studied. The investigated species are: C. difformis, C. distachyos, C. fuscus, C. pygmaeus, C. odoratus subsp. transcaucasicus, and C. rotundus. Cross sections of stems and leaves of these species were examined. The following characters were determined to be taxonomically informative: cross-section shape of the aerial stem, presence or absence of vascular bundle in the central part of stem cross-sections, the diameter of mesophyll and air cavities in stem and leaf cross-sections. Cyperus fuscus and C. difformis differ from other studied species in having large air cavities in stem and leaf cross section. Our results show that comparative anatomy of lateral stems and leaves may provide additional characters to be considered in taxonomic studies within this genus.Проведене порівняльне вивчення анатомії шести таксонів роду Cyperus, поширених на півночі Ірану: C. difformis, C. distachyos, C. fuscus, C. pygmaeus, C. odoratus subsp. transcaucasicus і C. rotundus. Досліджували поперечні зрізи стебел і листків цих видів. Таксономічно важливими визначені такі ознаки: форма поперечного зрізу повітряного стебла, наявність або відсутність судинного пучка в центральній частині поперечних зрізів стебла, діаметр мезофіла і повітряних порожнин в поперечних зрізах стебел і листя. Cyperus fuscus і C. difformis відрізняються від інших вивчених видів наявністю великих повітряних порожнин в поперечних зрізах стебел і листків. Наші результати показують, що порівняльна анатомія бічних стебел і листків може забезпечити додаткові ознаки для таксономічних досліджень цього роду.Проведено сравнительное изучение анатомии шести таксонов рода Cyperus, распространенных на севере Ирана: C. difformis, C. distachyos, C. fuscus, C. pygmaeus, C. odoratus subsp. transcaucasicus и C. rotundus. Исследовали поперечные срезы стеблей и листьев этих видов. Таксономически важными определены следующие признаки: форма поперечного среза воздушного стебля, наличие или отсутствие сосудистого пучка в центральной части поперечных срезов стебля, диаметр мезофилла и воздушных полостей в поперечных срезах стеблей и листьев. Cyperus fuscus и C. difformis отличаются от других изученных видов наличием больших воздушных полостей в поперечных срезах стеблей и листьев. Наши результаты показывают, что сравнительная анатомия боковых стеблей и листьев может обеспечить дополнительные признаки для таксономических исследований этого рода

Relationships between Vegetation and Ecological variablesin Palangan Habitat, Aghdagh Protected Area of Ardabil Province

Knowledge about plant communities and their relationships with ecological factors is one of the most important issues in conservation ecology particularly in the recent decades. The current investigation aimed to study the vegetation ecology of Palangan habitat in Aghdagh Protected area, Ardabil province. In order to collect species and environmental data, a total of 45 plots along a 1500 m elevational gradient and an interval of 100 m were surveyed. Braun-Blanquet scales were used to evaluate vegetion cover of each plot. Floristic and ecological characteristics of the area were studied along elevational gradient using DCA ordination and TWINSPAN classification methods. Four vegetation groups detremined in TWINSPAN were also identified in the DCA diagram and their species and environmnetal characters have been evalyated by one-way ANOVA. Based on these anlayses, altitude and slope were the most important ecological factors affecting the vegetation of the area. Endemicity values are not significatly changed among different altitudinal belts, but in stead, the number of therophytes and plants with wide distributional ranges are significam,ty different along elevation. The relatiohsip between altitude and species richness, like to other mountainus systems, show almost unimodal pattern which peaks at 1800 m