Effects of energy drinks on blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiographic parameters: An experimental study on healthy young adults

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the consumption of energy drinks on cardiovascular parameters in a group of healthy young individuals. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, 44 healthy adult participants aged between 15 and 30 years were evaluated. The blood pressure (BP) as well as electrocardiographic indices, including heart rate (HR), PR interval, QRS duration, corrected QT (QTc) interval, and ST-T changes were recorded before consumption of a caffeine-containing energy drink and at the specific time points over a 4-h test duration. Results: We found statistically significant HR decline (p=0.004) and more frequent ST-T changes (p=0.004) after the participants consumed the energy drink. However, readings for systolic BP (p=0.44), diastolic BP (p=0.26), PR interval (p=0.449), QRS duration (p=0.235), and QTc interval (p=0.953) showed no significant change post-consumption. Conclusion: In conclusion, we demonstrated that the consumption of energy drinks could contribute to HR decline and ST-T change in healthy young adults. © 2016 by Turkish Society of Cardiology

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the larynx: A case report

Introduction: Inflammatory myofibroblastic pseudotumors are initially described in the lung and various extrapulmonary sites such as the orbits, palatine tonsils, ears, gingiva, pterygomaxillary space, and periodontal tissues. These tumors rarely involve the larynx and predilection to the glottis occurs in an indolent manner. Case Report: This case describes a laryngeal myofibroblastic tumor in a 46-year-old woman who presented with an aggressive tumor that extended to the floor of the mouth and the base of the tongue. Extended supraglottic laryngectomy was undertaken for the patient. The diagnosis was spindle cell proliferation with dense lymphoplasma cell infiltration compatible with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (Inflammatory pseudotumor or plasma cell granuloma). Definitive diagnosis was achieved with immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Conclusion: We believe that further IHC studies are required to define the true nature of these tumors especially for those that behave in an aggressive pattern

Crystal Engineering and Molecular Architecture

The aim of this paper is to provide a link between research projects and education to optimize teaching and learning of related subjects. In a research project, three compounds including an intermolecular proton transfer compound, a hydrated carboxylic acid, and a metallic complex were synthesized, all of them have non-covalent interactions such as O−H∙∙∙O, O−H∙∙∙N and C−H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds as well as van der Waals forces and π-π stacking resulting to different supramolecular structures. The structures of compounds are characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The classic concepts and definitions related to the subject are given in the last section

Application of spate and finite element stress analysis methods to models of welded joints

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:D191679 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Evaluation of Liver Toxicity of 2-Methyl-3-Hydroxypyridin-4-one in Iron Overloaded Rats: Hepatotoxicity of 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one

Hydroxypyridinone iron chelators are currently the main candidates for development of orally active iron chelating alternatives to desferrioxamine (DFO). In the present study, the relative efficacy and liver toxicity of a bidentate chelator, 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one (MHPO), was studied in iron overloaded rats and compared with those of DFO. For iron overloading, rats received i.p. injections of 100 mg/kg of iron-dextran twice a week for 4 consecutive weeks. They wereallowed for equilibration of iron after overloading for 15 days. Then the rats received i.p. injections of 200 mg/kg/day of either MHPO or DFO for 15 days. At the end of this period, blood samples were taken and the iron and ferritin concentrations, and the total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were determined. The activities of SGOT, SGPT and ALP were analyzed by standard colorimetric kits. Serum values for iron, TIBC and ferritin were shown to have no significant differences after the administration of either MHPO or DFO in treated rats. SGOT and SGPT values were significantly reduced after the administration of MHPO. DFO, however, was only able to reduce SGPT with the same dose. There were no significant differences between two chelators with regards to ALP. After the administration of MHPO, skin rashes were observed in a way that rats could not move. In conclusion, this study confirms that MHPO is at least as effectives as DFO at mobilizing iron, and reduces liver toxicity, however, with regard to other side effects such as its skin toxicity, further studies are required

Spectral narrowing in coherent rayleigh-brillouin scattering

Contains fulltext : 92355.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access