English Language Teaching in India- A Critical Evaluations of ELT in India

This paper deals with the contemporary status of English Language Teaching in India. This analysis evaluates the past and the present pattern of English teaching. Unlike the vernacular language teaching, ELT requires more of practical approach as it is being a foreign language. Most of the Indian languages have been learnt and taught only where the particular language is spoken. But, English is in demand beyond the boundaries of states. With having a 74% of Literates in India, there is still only 13% of theme could read and write the English well. When the country is growing in business revolution, pace up with that in the stream of English has become inevitable. Hence, a critical review of ELT in India is not only going to review the pattern but also the suitability of the sorts

RESOLVING THE ENIGMA OF EFFECT OF MOBILE PHONE USAGE ON SPERMATOGENESIS IN HUMANS IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION

Objective: This study was aimed at to evaluate the possible risk of radiofrequency and electromagnetic waves of mobile phones on spermatogenic impairment and functional capacity of the spermatozoa along with oxidative stress, DNA damages, and hormone profile among mobile phone users.Methods: Mobile phone users were classified into three groups are 1-5, 6-10, and above 10 hrs/day, respectively, based on the exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Blood and semen samples are collected with informed consent letter. The semen samples used to carry out to the physical examination such as volume, liquefaction time, color, odor, pH, and viscosity, and functional status of the spermatozoa was carried out such as nuclear chromatin decondensation test, hypo-osmotic swelling test, and acrosomal intactness test. Seminal plasma was used for to evaluate the oxidative stress markers superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Blood serum was used to estimate the level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone. DNA collected from blood used for DNA ladder assay.Results: In the present investigation, both physical and microscopic examinations were negatively correlated with mobile phone usage. No variation exists in functional status of spermatozoa. Oxidative stress markers such as the presence of ROS, enzymatic scavengers such as SOD and TAC showed no statistical variations between control group and mobile phone users and even no variations in hormone profile such as testosterone, FSH, and LH of users of mobile phone compared to normal reference values.  Conclusion: In conclusion, though the literature has suggested that mobile phone use alters semen parameters, functional status of spermatozoa, increased oxidative stress, with subsequent sperm DNA damage in humans. The present study deviates from previous study stating nil impact of mobile phones on spermatogenetic impairment in humans.Keywords: Association of mobile phone usage, Male infertility

Modernization of English Language Teaching

This study analyses with the main drawbacks of Teaching Communicative Methods in English language teaching and the possible solutions that may be found. As it is a student centric approach, the teacher should think about his/her position in the class and understand that the conventional class has changed considerably. Here, I lay down concepts like “the limitations of conventional teachingâ€, “controlled methods†and “liberal methods†so as the “students performanceâ€. Ultimately, we could get more modernised approach to the English Language Teaching, as the study ends which could also be more student friendly one

On the Split Mersenne and Mersenne-Lucas Hybrid Quaternions

في هذا الاتصال ، تم تقديم رباعيات مرسين و مرسين-لوكس الهجينة المنقسمة ، وكذلك تم الحصول على دوال توليد وصيغ بينت لهذه الرباعيات الهجينة والتحقيق في بعض الخصائص فيما بينها.In this communication, introduce the split Mersenne and Mersenne-Lucas hybrid quaternions, also obtaining generating functions and Binet formulas for these hybrid quaternions and investigating some properties among them

Synthesis of Nanocrystalline PZT by Hydrothermal Method

Synthesis of lead zirconium titanate by a simple, low-energy consumption hydrothermalmeans is being reported. The precursor materials have been chosen and the method is tailoredso that the process becomes economical and offers low lead loss. The synthesised powdershave been analysed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and TGA. The results show the formation oftetragonal PZT nanoparticles with an average yield of ~75 per cent. On the basis of FTIR, theproduct formation is understood to proceed via the formation of a three metal cation hydroxidecomplex, that under hydrothermal treatment undergoes conversion directly to form the tetragonalphase of lead zirconium titanate

Depression, anxiety and stress among COVID positive pregnant women

Background: Impact of the news that patient is covid positive may increase the risk of depression and anxiety among the vulnerable population such as pregnant women. Aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among covid positive pregnant women. To evaluate the demographic and obstetric factors contributing to the psychological manifestations in covid positive pregnant women.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary hospital of North Kerala from July to August 2020. The demographic and factors were recorded and DASS 21 self-reported questionnaire was used to assess depression, anxiety and stress.Results: We found that using the DASS 21 scoring system, 37.5% out of the 120 study subjects were having psychological symptoms either of depression, anxiety or stress. Depression was seen in 32 (26.7%), anxiety in 29 (24.2%) and stress in 14 (11.7%) of the study participants. The psychological symptoms of depression and anxiety were more pronounced in those with low education, unemployed and in the first and third trimester of pregnancy.Conclusions: The current study shows that COVID-19 positive pregnant women have a high prevalence of depression and anxiety. Our findings can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve mental health and psychological resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic

Comparitive study between Efficacy of Oral Misoprostol & Vaginal Misoprostol & Foley Bulb with Oxytocin Induction in Prolonged Pregnancy and Study of Maternal & Fetal Outcome

BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE : Induction of labour is being the most common Obstetric procedure .Recently many methods are experimented for induction of labour in prolonged pregnancy (>41 Weeks). Misoprostol is a newer Prostaglandin that is effectively used for labour induction. Misoprostol can be used either orally or vaginally. Since there are no conclusive information about effectiveness of the induction methods, this study is undertaken to compare intracervical foley catheter with oxytocin, vaginal and oral Misoprostol in Prolonged pregnancy. METHOD : It is a Prospective randomised control trial among women with prolonged pregnancy with a vital singleton in cephalic presentation, unfavourable cervix with intact membranes. Women will be randomised to Foley induction or oral Misoprostol and Vaginal misoprostol , each of 100 after obtaining informed written consent. Oral and Vaginal Misoprostol are administered as 25ug every 4hrs maximum of 3 doses and pelvic examination done every 4 hrs. 16 French Foley catheter inserted intracervically & bulb inflated with 80 ml of normal saline. Pelvic assessment done after 12hrs if the inflated balloon is not passed spontaneously. For all patients progress of labour will be monitored with partograph. RESULTS : The primary outcomes were -The improvement in Bishop score was similar in Oral and Vaginal Misoprostol and was lesser in Foley group ,Mean induction to delivery interval was shortest in oral Misoprostol group(8.82 hrs) compared to vaginal misoprostol(8.88hrs) and foley group -13.72 hours and was found to be statistically significant(P<0.001). Labour natural was maximum in oral Misoprostol group-84% compared to73% in Foley group,78% in Vaginal Misoprostol group. Oral Misoprostol had good perinatal outcome with minimal maternal side effects. Oral and vaginal misoprostol required similar number of doses with similar cost

Regeneration of Indian maize genotypes (Zea mays L.) from immature embryo culture through callus induction

Callus induction and regeneration ability of five maize genotypes UMI 757, UMI 615, UMI 112, UMI 285 and CO 1 and one promising maize hybrids COH(M) 5 were investigated using 14 days old immature embryos as explants. Callus induction depends on genotype, explants (age and size of explants), medium, type of auxin and their concentration. Explants grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l 2, 4 - D (2,4 – dichloro phenoxy acetic acid), 0.3 mg/l kinetin with 30 g/l maltose showed the highest percentage of embryogenic callus induction. Among the six genotypes tested, COH(M) 5 maize hybrids have highest percentage of embryogenic calli. The embryogenic calli incubated on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine), 0.2 mg/lNAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) with 1.0 mg/l kinetin was found to give the highest organogenesis response and regeneration of plantlets

Impact of spermiogram and sperm function test in idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss

Aims: To evaluate the role of sperm factors in idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss cases. Methods: We recruited 100 male subjects where their female partners experienced 2 or more idiopathic pregnancy losses. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) males were grouped into two groups RPL1 (individuals having 2 abortion) and RPL2 (individuals having more than 2 abortions). Fifty volunteers who had fathered child/children prior to the study without the history of recurrent pregnancy loss and unassisted pregnancies were considered as control group. We grouped RPL males into two categories age below 35 years and above 35 years to test whether age plays any role on RPL. Routine semen parameters and sperm function test were performed for all the subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using Independent- Samples T test. Results: Insignificant differences were observed in seminal volume, pH, motility and sperm count but vitality test scores were significantly lesser in both RPL groups when compared to control group. For all three sperm function test both the RPL group showed lesser scores when compare to control. RPL2 group showed more abnormalities when compared to RPL1 group. We did not identify any significant difference for any of the parameters between two age group of RPL males. Conclusion: Our results recommend the screening of both partners simultaneous in RPL cases for the better diagnosis and treatment