Performance analysis of massive multiple input multiple output for high speed railway

This paper analytically reviews the performance of massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system for communication in highly mobility scenarios like high speed Railways. As popularity of high speed train increasing day by day, high data rate wireless communication system for high speed train is extremely required. 5G wireless communication systems must be designed to meet the requirement of high speed broadband services at speed of around 500 km/h, which is the expected speed achievable by HSR systems, at a data rate of 180 Mbps or higher. Significant challenges of high mobility communications are fast time-varying fading, channel estimation errors, doppler diversity, carrier frequency offset, inter carrier interference, high penetration loss and fast and frequent handovers. Therefore, crucial requirement to design high mobility communication channel models or systems prevails. Recently, massive MIMO techniques have been proposed to significantly improve the performance of wireless networks for upcoming 5G technology. Massive MIMO provide high throughput and high energy efficiency in wireless communication channel. In this paper, key findings, challenges and requirements to provide high speed wireless communication onboard the high speed train is pointed out after thorough literature review. In last, future research scope to bridge the research gap by designing efficient channel model by using massive MIMO and other optimization method is mentioned

Production distribution planning in a multiechelon supply chain using carbon policies: A review and reflections

Sustainability of a supply chain has gained more attention from economists, environmentalists, consumers, manufacturers, government and the academia. In this paper, the literature survey has been performed on production allocation problem in a multi-echelon supply chain with carbon policies. With web-based search engines such as Scopus and Web of Science several resources such as journals, conference proceedings and books are selected and reviewed. It is observed from the literature that the mentioned problem traces the progression of carbon policies in a supply chain over the past 22 years to provide substantiation for Green Supply Chain. The research papers are then analyzed and categorized to construct the useful foundation of previous studies. Moreover, the importance of this problem in recent years needs has been highlighted by mentioning the gaps in the literature. Further, at the end of the paper, several future work directions in this area also suggested.(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

First experience in the larviculture of cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1752) in India

Cobia aquaculture has been gaining momentum internationally and has spread to more than 23 countries, half of them in the Asia-Pacific region. Envisaging the prospects of cobia farming in India, broodstock development was initiated and the first successful induced breeding was achieved in March 2010. Larviculture was experimented in Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) tanks as well as Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) tanks and protocols were evolved. Green water technique employing the microalga, Nannochloropsis oculata was used. The critical stage for the larvae was from 5 to 9 days post-hatch (dph), when cumulative mortality reached around 90%. Enriched rotifers were fed from 3 to 10 dph and enriched Artemia nauplii from 9 to 18 dph. Weaning with larval inert feed was initiated from 18 dph and grading was carried out once in four days to avoid cannibalism. The study was conducted for 31 days and the final larval survival noted in the FRP and RCC tanks were 2 and 1%, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the specific growth rate of larvae in the FRP system was 30.1% of body weight per day, while the same in RCC tank was 28.3% of body weight per day. The low survival and specific growth rate of larvae in the RCC tanks could be attributed to the low densities of live feed maintained. The present experience indicated that cobia seed production can be successfully practised and by refining the methodology, the survival and growth can be enhanced to achieve commercial level fingerling production

Broodstock development and controlled breeding of cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus 1766) from Indian seas

Cobia, Rachycentron canadum has emerged as one of the topmost finfish species for mariculture. In India, cobia broodstock was developed and induced breeding was achieved for the first time at Mandapam Regional Centre of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI). The broodstock was developed in sea cages of 6 m diameter and 3.5 m depth. Sexes were separated about two months prior to the onset of breeding season and stocked in separate cages. During March 2010, a female with intra-ovarian egg diameter of 700 μ along with two males were selected for induced spawning. The brooders were induced with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at doses of 500 IU per kg body weight for female and 250 IU per kg body weight for males. Spawning was noted after 39 h of intra-muscular injection. The total eggs spawned were estimated as 2.1 million. About 90% fertilization was recorded (fertilized eggs amounted to 1.9 million). The eggs were collected using a 500 μ mesh net and stocked in incubation tanks at varying densities. The eggs hatched after 22 h of incubation at a temperature range of 28-30 ºC. The percentage of hatching was 80% and the total number of newly hatched larvae was estimated as 1.5 millio

Microbiological and histopathological investigations of Vibrio alginolyticus infection in cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) cultured in sea cage

The occurrence of disease caused by Vibrio alginolyticus in sea cage farming of hatchery produced cobia juveniles is reported in this paper. The affected animals showed signs of surfacing, sluggish swimming and bilateral exophthalmia followed by acute mortality. The bacterial pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus was isolated from systemic lesions of infected moribund cobia fingerlings which was confirmed based on biochemical characteristics. Further the 16S ribosomal RNA of the isolate was amplified and BLAST analysis of the sequence confirmed that the pathogen is V. alginolyticus. Histologically, the liver of affected fish showed fatty change, the eyes revealed congestion as well as infiltration of polymorphoneuclear cells in the choroid layer and acute glomerulornephritis was observed in the kidney

Age at onset as stratifier in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease – effect of ageing and polygenic risk score on clinical phenotypes

Several phenotypic differences observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients have been linked to age at onset (AAO). We endeavoured to find out whether these differences are due to the ageing process itself by using a combined dataset of idiopathic PD (n = 430) and healthy controls (HC; n = 556) excluding carriers of known PD-linked genetic mutations in both groups. We found several significant effects of AAO on motor and non-motor symptoms in PD, but when comparing the effects of age on these symptoms with HC (using age at assessment, AAA), only positive associations of AAA with burden of motor symptoms and cognitive impairment were significantly different between PD vs HC. Furthermore, we explored a potential effect of polygenic risk score (PRS) on clinical phenotype and identified a significant inverse correlation of AAO and PRS in PD. No significant association between PRS and severity of clinical symptoms was found. We conclude that the observed non-motor phenotypic differences in PD based on AAO are largely driven by the ageing process itself and not by a specific profile of neurodegeneration linked to AAO in the idiopathic PD patients

Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in a UK university identifies dynamics of transmission

AbstractUnderstanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission in higher education settings is important to limit spread between students, and into at-risk populations. In this study, we sequenced 482 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the University of Cambridge from 5 October to 6 December 2020. We perform a detailed phylogenetic comparison with 972 isolates from the surrounding community, complemented with epidemiological and contact tracing data, to determine transmission dynamics. We observe limited viral introductions into the university; the majority of student cases were linked to a single genetic cluster, likely following social gatherings at a venue outside the university. We identify considerable onward transmission associated with student accommodation and courses; this was effectively contained using local infection control measures and following a national lockdown. Transmission clusters were largely segregated within the university or the community. Our study highlights key determinants of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and effective interventions in a higher education setting that will inform public health policy during pandemics.</jats:p

Stochastic dynamic behaviour of hydrodynamic journal bearings including the effect of surface roughness

This paper investigates the stochastic behaviour of hydrodynamic journal bearings by solving the Reynolds equation with random parameters numerically based on finite difference method. The steady state and dynamic characteristics are quantified considering random variabilities in eccentricity and surface roughness that can closely simulate the uncertain service conditions and inevitable manufacturing imperfections. Based on efficient radial basis function, a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) algorithm is developed in conjunction with the governing equations for quantifying stochastic characteristics of the crucial performance parameters concerning hydrodynamic bearings. Relative sensitivity to stochasticity for different performance parameters is analysed. Physically insightful new results are presented in a probabilistic framework, wherein it is observed that the stochasticity has pronounced influence on the performance of bearing.</p

Study of morbidity, mortality and survival of low birth weight babies born in a tertiary care hospital Vadodara Gujarat

Introduction: The birth weight of an infant is strongly conditioned by health and nutritional status of mother and is an important determinant of survival, healthy growth and development of the newborn. Low Birth Weight has been defined by World Health Organization as weight at birth of less than 2500 grams. Materials and Methods: 252 babies having birth weight between 2.0 Kg to 2.5 Kg born during August 2012 to January 2013 in Jamnabai Hospital of Vadodara city were included in this prospective study of six month for assessing Survival rate and morbidity among them. Results: All 249 babies (3 drop out), who were followed up 6 months survived. Prevalence rate (sick babies) varied from 17.27 % to 41.2 %, Prevalence rate (Morbidity) varied from 18.07 % to 42.4%. Common morbidities were fever, cough, cold, diarrhea, vomiting, rash. Babies who were fully immunized had lesser morbidity compared to babies who were not fully immunized. Conclusion: The 6 months prospective study which was carried out on small sample of specific group of babies in Urban area has value that it reflects the situation of babies in middle and lower middle class families