38 research outputs found
Patient and physician gender concordance in preventive care in university primary care settings.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of preventive care according to physician and patient gender in a country with universal health care coverage.
METHODS: We assessed a retrospective cohort study of 1001 randomly selected patients aged 50-80years followed over 2years (2005-2006) in 4 Swiss university primary care settings (Basel, Geneva, Lausanne, ZĂŒrich). We used indicators derived from RAND's Quality Assessment Tools and examined percentages of recommended preventive care. Results were adjusted using hierarchical multivariate logistic regression models.
RESULTS: 1001 patients (44% women) were followed by 189 physicians (52% women). Female patients received less preventive care than male patients (65.2% vs. 72.1%, p<0.001). Female physicians provided significantly more preventive care than male physicians (p=0.01) to both female (66.7% vs. 63.6%) and male patients (73.4% vs. 70.7%). After multivariate adjustment, differences according to physician (p=0.02) and patient gender (p<0.001) remained statistically significant. Female physicians provided more recommended cancer screening than male physicians (78.4 vs. 71.9%, p=0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: In Swiss university primary care settings, female patients receive less preventive care than male patients, with female physicians providing more preventive care than male physicians. Greater attention should be paid to female patients in preventive care and to why female physicians tend to provide better preventive care
Imaging signatures of the local density of states in an electronic cavity
We use Scanning Gate Microscopy to study electron transport through an open,
gate-defined resonator in a Ga(Al)As heterostructure. Raster-scanning the
voltage-biased metallic tip above the resonator, we observe distinct
conductance modulations as a function of the tip-position and voltage. Quantum
mechanical simulations reproduce these conductance modulations and reveal their
relation to the partial local density of states in the resonator. Our
measurements illustrate the current frontier between possibilities and
limitations in imaging the local density of states in buried electron systems
using scanning gate microscopy
Qubits made by advanced semiconductor manufacturing
AbstractFull-scale quantum computers require the integration of millions of qubits, and the potential of using industrial semiconductor manufacturing to meet this need has driven the development of quantum computing in silicon quantum dots. However, fabrication has so far relied on electron-beam lithography and, with a few exceptions, conventional lift-off processes that suffer from low yield and poor uniformity. Here we report quantum dots that are hosted at a 28Si/28SiO2 interface and fabricated in a 300âmm semiconductor manufacturing facility using all-optical lithography and fully industrial processing. With this approach, we achieve nanoscale gate patterns with excellent yield. In the multi-electron regime, the quantum dots allow good tunnel barrier controlâa crucial feature for fault-tolerant two-qubit gates. Single-spin qubit operation using magnetic resonance in the few-electron regime reveals relaxation times of over 1âs at 1âT and coherence times of over 3âms.</jats:p
High-resolution daily gridded data sets of air temperature and wind speed for Europe
New high-resolution data sets for near-surface daily air
temperature
(minimum, maximum and mean) and daily mean wind speed for Europe
(the CORDEX domain) are provided for the period 2001â2010 for the
purpose of regional model validation in the framework of DecReg,
a sub-project of the German MiKlip project, which aims to develop
decadal climate predictions. The main input data sources are SYNOP observations, partly supplemented by station data from the
ECA&D data set (<a href="http://www.ecad.eu" target="_blank">http://www.ecad.eu</a>). These data are quality
tested to eliminate erroneous data.
By spatial interpolation of these station observations, grid data in
a resolution of 0.044° (ââ5<mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/>km) on a rotated grid with
virtual North Pole at 39.25°âŻN, 162°âŻW are derived.
For temperature interpolation a modified
version of a regression kriging method developed by
KrÀhenmann et al.(2011) is used. At first, predictor fields of
altitude, continentality and zonal mean temperature are used for
a regression applied to monthly station data. The residuals of the
monthly regression and the deviations of the daily data from the
monthly averages are interpolated using simple kriging in a second
and third step. For wind speed a new method based on the concept
used for temperature was developed, involving predictor fields of
exposure, roughness length, coastal distance and ERA-Interim
reanalysis wind speed at 850âŻhPa. Interpolation uncertainty
is estimated by means of the kriging variance and regression
uncertainties. Furthermore, to assess the quality of the final daily
grid data, cross validation is performed. Variance explained by the regression ranges
from 70 to 90âŻ% for monthly temperature and from 50 to 60âŻ%
for monthly wind speed. The resulting RMSE for the final daily grid
data amounts to 1â2âŻK and 1â1.5âŻm<mspace width="0.125em" linebreak="nobreak"/>s<sup>â1</sup>
(depending on season and parameter) for daily temperature parameters
and daily mean wind speed, respectively. The data sets presented
in this article are published at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5676/DWD_CDC/DECREG0110v2" target="_blank">doi:10.5676/DWD_CDC/DECREG0110v2</a>
Prevalence of observed characteristics of positive doctor role models in general internal medicine: a cross-sectional study with resident physicians
Evaluation of gridding procedures for air temperature over Southern Africa
Africa is considered to be highly vulnerable to climate change, yet
the availability of observational data and derived products is limited. As
one element of the SASSCAL initiative (Southern African Science Service
Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management), a cooperation of
Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, South Africa and Germany, networks of
automatic weather stations have been installed or improved
(http://www.sasscalweathernet.org). The increased availability of meteorological
observations improves the quality of gridded products for the region. Here we
compare interpolation methods for monthly minimum and maximum temperatures
which were calculated from hourly measurements. Due to a lack of longterm
records we focused on data ranging from September 2014 to August 2016. The
best interpolation results have been achieved combining multiple linear
regression (elevation, a continentality index and latitude as predictors)
with three dimensional inverse distance weighted interpolation
A guide for digitising manuscript climate data
Hand-written or printed manuscript data are an important source for paleo-climatological studies, but bringing them into a suitable format can be a time consuming adventure with uncertain success. Before digitising such data (e.g., in the context a specific research project), it is worthwhile spending a few thoughts on the characteristics of the data, the scientific requirements with respect to quality and coverage, the metadata, and technical aspects such as reproduction techniques, digitising techniques, and quality control strategies. Here we briefly discuss the most important considerations according to our own experience and describe different methods for digitising numeric or text data (optical character recognition, speech recognition, and key entry). We present a tentative guide that is intended to help others compiling the necessary information and making the right decisions