Valuing project risk and flexibility in mining resource development

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Technology and Policy Program, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-65).by Kojo S. Ofori-Atta.S.M

ANALISIS PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM KEGIATAN BANK SAMPAH DI KECAMATAN MAPANGET

Permasalahan  mengenai  sampah  tampak  sederhana  tetap  perlu  penanganan  khusus.  Walikota  Manado tahun 2019 meresmikan Program Bank Sampah Mandiri Lestari di Kecamatan Mapanget The Gade Clean and  Gold  (Memilah  Sampah  Menabung  Emas)  di kelurahan  Paniki  Bawah  Kecamatan  Mapanget  Kota Manado  dengan  harapan  ini  dapat  membuat  pemikiran  masyarakat  mengenai  sampah  bisa  berubah menjadi  ke  pola  pikir  lebih  memanfaatkan  sampah  lebih  baik  lagi.  Oleh  sebab  itu  penelitian ini mempunyai focus penelitian kepada analisis partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan Bank Sampah di Kecamatan Mapanget. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidenfitikasi pengelolaan atau manajemen bank sampah, menganalisis partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan yang ada di bank sampah di Kecamatan Mapanget. Penelitian menggunakan metode analisis data untuk mengukur tingkat partisipasi masyarakat yang  ada  di  bank  sampah  Kecamatan  Mapanget  menggunakan  analisis  deskriptif  kuantitatif  dengan mengukur tingkat capaian responden dalam kuesioner menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Dari hasil kuesioner yang diolah dari aplikasi SPPS dan Microsoft Excel menunjukan bahwa tingkat capaian responden ada 3 tahap pada tahap awal atau tahap pembentukan bank sampah menunjukkan pada tingkat informing yang berarti pada tahap ini masyarakat hanya diberitahu akan ada pembentukan program bank sampah tetapi tidak   terlibat   dalam   proses.   Pada   tahap   kedua   atau   tahap   pengolah   tingkat   capaian   responden menunjukkan tingkat partisipasi berada pada consultation yang berarti masyarakat telah terlibat didalam proses ini dimana sebagian masyarakat yang telah menjadi nasabah dengan mengolah sampah dari rumah masing-masing dengan memisahkan berdasarkan jenis tetapi usulan dan masukkan belum tentu didengar. Dan  pada  tahap  akhir  proses  bank  sampah  menunjukkan  partisipasi  masyarakat  berada  pada  tingkat informing  ini  berarti  masyarakat  hanya  mengetahui  hasil  akhir  dari  pengolahan  bank  sampah  hanya didistribusikan kepada pengelola pihak ketiga untuk dijual tetapi tidak mengambil bagian didalamnya. Kata kunci: Bank Sampah, Manajemen Bank Sampah, Tingkat Partisipasi, Partisipasi Masyaraka

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN DEDAK PADI DAN TEPUNG JAGUNG TERHADAP KUALITAS FISIK SILASE RUMPUT GAJAH (Pennisetum purpureumcv.Hawaii)

ABSTRACT EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF RICE BRAN AND CORN FLOUR ON THE PHYSICAL QUALITY OF ENSILAGE ELEPHANT GRASS (Pennisetum purpureumcv.Hawaii). The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the addition of rice bran and corn flour on the physical quality of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Hawaii)silage.The present study used elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Hawaii)in the ensilage process. Rice bran and corn flour were then added to the elephant grass in the ensilage processing. The present study used Completely Randomized Design with 7 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were formulated as follow: R0 = elephant grass 100%; R1 = elephant grass + 8% rice bran; R2 = elephant grass + 12% rice bran; R3 = elephant grass + 8% corn flour; R4 = elephant grass + 12% corn flour; R5 = elephant grass + 4% rice bran + 4% corn flour; R6 = elephantgrass + 6% rice bran + 6% corn flour. The variables measured were physical quality of elephant grass silage, including:  texture, color, and aroma. The research results showed that the addition of rice bran and corn flour did not significantly affect (P>0,01) ensilage color and aroma, but significantly affect (P<0,01) the texture of the ensilage. It can be concluded that the addition of  8% rice bran gave the best result on theensilage textureof elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Hawaii). Keywords : Elephant Grass, Ensilage, Rice Bran, Corn Flour, Physical Qualit

Impact of irreversibility and uncertainty on the timing of infrastructure projects

This paper argues that because of the irreversibility and uncertainty associated with Build - Operate - Transfer (BOT) infrastructure projects, their financial evaluation should also routinely include the determination of the value of the option to defer the construction start-up. This ensures that project viability is comprehensively assessed before any revenue or loan guarantees are considered by project sponsors to support the project. This paper shows that the framework can be used even in the context of the intuitive binomial lattice model. This requires estimating volatility directly from the evolution of the net operating income while accounting for the correlation between the revenue and costs functions. This approach ensures that the uncertainties usually associated with toll revenues, in particular, are thoroughly investigated and their impact on project viability is thoroughly assessed. This paper illustrates the usefulness of the framework with data from an actual (BOT) toll road project. The results show that by postponing the project for a couple of years the project turns out to be viable, whereas it was not without the deferral. The evaluation approach proposed therefore provides a better framework for determining when and the extent of government financial support, if any, that may be needed to support a BOT project on the basis of project economics. The analysis may also be applicable to private sector investment projects, which are characterized by irreversibility and a high rate of uncertainty

Baryons in Holographic QCD

We study the baryon in holographic QCD with $D4/D8/\bar{D8}$ multi-$D$ brane system. In holographic QCD, the baryon appears as a topologically non-trivial chiral soliton in a four-dimensional effective theory of mesons. We call this topological soliton as Brane-induced Skyrmion. Some review of $D4/D8/\bar{D8}$ holographic QCD is presented from the viewpoints of recent hadron physics and phenomenologies. Four-dimensional effective theory with pions and $\rho$ mesons is uniquely derived from the non-abelian Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action of $D8$ brane with $D4$ supergravity background, without small amplitude expansion of meson fields to discuss chiral solitons. For the hedgehog configuration of pion and $\rho$-meson fields, we derive the energy functional and the Euler-Lagrange equation of Brane-induced Skyrmion from the meson effective action induced by holographic QCD. Performing the numerical calculation, we obtain the pion profile $F(r)$ and the $\rho$-meson profile $G(r)$ of the Brane-induced Skyrmion, and estimate its total energy, energy density distribution, and root-mean-square radius. These results are compared with the experimental quantities of baryons and also with the profiles of standard Skyrmion without $\rho$ mesons. We analyze interaction terms of pions and $\rho$ mesons in Brane-induced Skyrmion, and consider the role of $\rho$-meson component appearing in baryons.Comment: 28 pages, 11 figure

Two-flavor QCD at finite temperature and chemical potential in a functional approach

We summarize recent results obtained in the Dyson-Schwinger formalism to study the chiral and deconfinement phase transitions of quenched and unquenched QCD at finite temperature and chemical potential. In the quenched case we compare SU(2) and SU(3) gauge theories by taking lattice data for the gluon as an input for the quark Dyson-Schwinger equation. As compared to previous investigations we find a clearer distinction between the second order transition of the two-color theory and the (weak) first order transition of the three-color gauge theory. We then extend this study to unquenched QCD at finite chemical potential by taking matter effects to the gluon into account and investigate the order of the chiral phase transition and the behavior of the deconfinement transition. What we find are coinciding phase transitions up to a critical endpoint which is located at large chemical potential.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the International School of Nuclear Physics, Erice 201

A Naturally Generated Decoy of the Prostate Apoptosis Response-4 Protein Overcomes Therapy Resistance in Tumors

Primary tumors are often heterogeneous, composed of therapy-sensitive and emerging therapy-resistant cancer cells. Interestingly, treatment of therapy-sensitive tumors in heterogeneous tumor microenvironments results in apoptosis of therapy-resistant tumors. In this study, we identify a prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) amino-terminal fragment (PAF) that is released by diverse therapy-sensitive cancer cells following therapy-induced caspase cleavage of the tumor suppressor Par-4 protein. PAF caused apoptosis in cancer cells resistant to therapy and inhibited tumor growth. A VASA segment of Par-4 mediated its binding and degradation by the ubiquitin ligase Fbxo45, resulting in loss of Par-4 proapoptotic function. Conversely, PAF, which contains this VASA segment, competitively bound to Fbxo45 and rescued Par-4–mediated induction of cancer cell–specific apoptosis. Collectively, our findings identify a molecular decoy naturally generated during apoptosis that inhibits a ubiquitin ligase to overcome therapy resistance in tumors