The prevalence of serotypes of Haemophilus influenzae in healthy children 1 to 5 years referred to Imam Ali clinic of Shahrekord in 2012

زمینه و هدف: هموفیلوس آنفلوآنزا یکی از عوامل بیماری زای مهم در سیستم تنفسی بوده که می‌تواند باعث عوارض متعدد به ویژه در کودکان شود. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین شیوع سروتیپ های هموفیلوس آنفلوآنزا در مخاط حلق کودکان سالم مراجعه کننده به کلینیک امام علی (ع) شهرکرد انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی، 378 نمونه حلقی به صورت تصادفی از کودکان 1 تا 5 سال مراجعه کننده به کلینیک امام علی شهرکرد در سال 1391 گرفته و با دو روش کشت و PCR بررسی گردید. سروتیپ کل نمونه های مثبت با روش PCR بررسی گردید. یافته ها: در این مطالعه 42 مورد (1/11 درصد) حامل هموفیلوس آنفلوآنزا بودند (فاصله اطمینان 95 درصد) که در بین آن ها 34 مورد بدون طبقه بندی و 8 مورد کپسول دار بود. در میان انواع کپسول دار 4 مورد سروتیپ f، 2 مورد سروتیپ b و 2 مورد سروتیپ d داشتند. بین شیوع هموفیلوس آنفلوآنزا با وجود برادر یا خواهر زیر 5 سال (044/0=P) و تحصیلات پدر (041/0=P) ارتباط معنی دار آماری دیده شد. نتیجه گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که سروتیپ غالب نوع بدون طبقه بندی (بدون کپسول) می باشد. علی رغم شیوع بیشتر سروتیپ نوع f، وفور سروتیپ b به عنوان یک از مهمترین عوامل تهاجمی در کودکان حامل باکتری در این مطالعه، لزوم توجه بیشتر مسئولین بهداشتی- درمانی نسبت به این عامل بیماری زا را خاطر نشان می نماید

Comparison the self-concept and behavior in adolescents without criminal record with juvenile offenders

Background and aims: impermanent and negative self-concept , disrupts personal and social adjustment. in this study compared self-concept and behavior in adolescents without a history of juvenile criminal and offenders. Methods: The study was cross-sectional . 79 person from centers for Upbringing and correction via census sample and 120 person that with first group in regard to age-and sex- matched controls from Isfahan City were enrolled. The data collection instrument consisted of three sections include demographic information , self-concept and behavior questions. Statistic examination include T-test, Fisher and K2, were use for data analyzed . Results: The mean and standard deviation of self-Concept in offenders was 58/94±10/30 and Behavior was 62/26±28/81. Adolescents with no history of criminal record, self-concept score was 63/02±9/75 and Behavior was 84/66±15/22. Self-concept and behavior scores were significantly higher in the group with no criminal record (p<0/001). Conclusion: The results suggest that the Self-concept and Behavior of juvenile offenders is lower than adolescents with no criminal record. It is also considered demographic factors will affect the incidence of antisocial behavior . It seems psychologists and counselors to be working in these centers must training , counseling and therapy and correction techniques with consideration to the establishment of such anomalies

First Detection of Leishmania major DNA in Sergentomyia (Spelaeomyia) darlingi from Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Foci in Mali

Leishmania major complex is the main causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in the Old World. Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus duboscqi are recognized vectors of L. major complex in Northern and Southern Sahara, respectively. In Mali, ZCL due to L. major is an emerging public health problem, with several cases reported from different parts of the country. The main objective of the present study was to identify the vectors of Leishmania major in the Bandiagara area, in Mali. Methodology/Principal Findings: An entomological survey was carried out in the ZCL foci of Bandiagara area. Sandflies were collected using CDC miniature light traps and sticky papers. In the field, live female Phlebotomine sandflies were identified and examined for the presence of promastigotes. The remaining sandflies were identified morphologically and tested for Leishmania by PCR in the ITS2 gene. The source of blood meal of the engorged females was determined using the cyt-b sequence. Out of the 3,259 collected sandflies, 1,324 were identified morphologically, and consisted of 20 species, of which four belonged to the genus Phlebotomus and 16 to the genus Sergentomyia. Leishmania major DNA was detected by PCR in 7 of the 446 females (1.6%), specifically 2 out of 115 Phlebotomus duboscqi specimens, and 5 from 198 Sergentomyia darlingi specimens. Human DNA was detected in one blood-fed female S. darlingi positive for L. major DNA. Conclusion: Our data suggest the possible involvement of P. duboscqi and potentially S. darlingi in the transmission of ZCL in Mali

Epidemiological analysis of snakebite victims in southwestern Iran

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of snakebites and associated epidemiologic factors in Khorram-shahr County, Iran, between 2013 and 2017.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. Information was collected and recorded via questionnaires. Snakebite data included gender, age, occurrence regions, bite site, time of being bitten, month and season. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and t-tests with SPSS version 18.Results: A total of 102 cases of snakebites occurred in Khorram-shahr County of Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran. There were 75 men (73.5) and 27 women (26.4), without significant difference in incidence. The highest frequency of snakebites was observed in the age group of 41-50 years with 28 cases (27.4). In total, 58 cases (56.9) occurred in urban areas and 44 cases (43.1) in rural areas. No statistically significant difference was observed between the age groups or residential areas. Snakebites occurred in May with 19 cases (18.6), spring with 45 (44.1) and summer with 45 (44.1). The results showed significant difference among different seasons and months of the year. Snakebites were in feet in 62 cases (60.8) and hands in 36 cases (35.3) which were bitten more than other organs, respectively, with significant difference among different bite sites in the body. The highest and lowest frequencies of snakebites were observed between 18:00 and 24:00 with 43 cases (42.2) and between 6:00 and 12:00 with 14 cases (13.7), with a significant difference among different hours of the day.Conclusions: Useful information about snakebites, venomous snakes, their hazards, prevention of bites and the importance of early hospital referral and treatment of victims should be provided to people using different educational tools

A Novel Missense Mutation in the TGF-beta-binding Protein-Like Domain 3 of FBN1 Causes Weill-Marchesani Syndrome with Intellectual Disability

BACKGROUND: Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by locus heterogeneity and variable expressivity. Patients suffering from WMS are described by short stature, brachydactyly, joint stiffness, congenital heart defects, and eye abnormalities. This disorder is inherited in two different modes; the autosomal dominant form of the disease occurs due to a mutation in FBN1, and the recessive form results from mutations in ADAMTS10, ADAMTS17, or LTP2 genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The family recruited in this study was a consanguineous Iranian family with an intellectually disabled girl referred to the Sadra Genetics laboratory, Shahrekord, Iran. The clinical history of family members was investigated. Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES) for the proband was performed. Sanger sequencing was used to assess the segregation of candidate variants in the other family members. RESULTS: Whole-exome sequencing analysis revealed a novel heterozygote mutation in the proband located at the third TGF-beta-binding protein-like (TB) domain of the FBN1 gene (NM000138: c.2066A>G: (p. Glu689Gly), NP000129.3, in exon 17 of the gene). Co-segregation analysis with Sanger sequencing confirmed this mutation in the affected members of the pedigree. CONCLUSION: Our findings represent an autosomal dominant form of specific WMS resulting from a substitution mutation in the FBN1 gene. In addition to the typical manifestations of the disorder, mild intellectual disability (ID) was identified in the 8-year-old proband. Given the fact that ID is primarily reported in ADAMTS10 mutated cases, this family was clinically and genetically a novel case

Fabrication, degradation behavior and cytotoxicity of nanostructured hardystonite and titania/hardystonite coatings on Mg alloys

In this study, nanostructured hardystonite (HT) and titania (TiO2)/hardystonite (HT) dual-layered coatings were deposited on biodegradable Mg-Ca-Zn alloy via physical vapor deposition (PVD) combined with electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Although a single layer nano-HT coating can decrease the corrosion rate from 1.68 to 1.02 mm/year, due to the presence of porosities and microcracks, the nano-HT layer cannot sufficiently protect the Mg substrate. In contrast, the corrosion resistance of nano-HT coating is further improved by using nano-TiO2 underlayer since it was a smooth, very uniform and compact layer with higher contact angle (52.30°). In addition, the MTT assay showed the viability of MC3T3-E1 on the nano-HT and nano-TiO2/HT coatings. The results demonstrated that the two-step surface modification improved both corrosion resistance and the cytocompatibility of the Mg alloy, hence making it feasible for orthopedic applications

Microstructure, in vitro corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity of biodegradable Mg-Ca-Zn and Mg-Ca-Zn-Bi alloys

The effects of bismuth (Bi) addition on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of the Mg-Ca-Zn-Bi alloys were evaluated using electron microscopy, electrochemical test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Microstructural observations showed that Mg-1.2Ca-1Zn-xBi (x = 0.5, 1.5, 3 wt.%) are composed of Mg2Ca, Ca2Mg6Zn3 and Mg3Bi2 phases while a new phase Mg2Bi2Ca appeared after the addition of 5 and 12 wt.% Bi to the Mg-1.2Ca-1Zn alloy. Furthermore, the additions of 0.5 wt.% Bi to the Mg-1.2Ca-1Zn alloy slightly improved the corrosion behavior of the alloy, while further increase in Bi amount from 1.5 to 12 wt.% has a deleterious effect on the corrosion behavior of the ternary Mg-1.2Ca-1Zn alloy which is driven by galvanic coupling effect. Cytotoxicity tests indicate that the Mg-1.2Ca-1Zn presents higher cell viability compared to Mg-1.2Ca-1Zn-0.5Bi alloy. In addition, the cell viability of both alloys increased with increasing incubation time while diluting the extracts to 50% and 10% improved the cell viabilities. The present results suggest that the Mg-1.2Ca-1Zn-0.5Bi can be interesting candidate for the development of degradable biomaterials and it is worthwhile for further investigation in an in vivo environment

Structure, corrosion behavior, and antibacterial properties of nano-silica/graphene oxide coating on biodegradable magnesium alloy for biomedical applications

In the present study, a novel nano-silica (SiO2)/graphene oxide (GO) coating was deposited on Mg alloy via physical vapor deposition (PVD) combined with dip coating. The structural characterization clearly revealed that the nano-SiO2 underlayer had a compact columnar microstructure with a thickness of 1 μm, while the GO overlayer presented a sheet-like morphology with a thickness of around 30 μm. The in-vitro degradation rate revealed that the presence of GO as an overlayer on the nano-SiO2 layer significantly decreased the corrosion rate of the Mg alloy. The antibacterial results demonstrated that the both nano-SiO2/GO and nano-SiO2 coatings exhibited a strong antibacterial activity against the Streptococcus mutans. However, the nano-SiO2/GO coating exhibited better antibacterial activity compared to the nano-SiO2 coated and uncoated samples. These results exhibit that nano-SiO2/GO coating has effective antibacterial activity and high corrosion resistance in vitro, thus, it can be considered as a promising material for implant applications