Pengkajian Varietas Padi Unggul Baru pada Lahan Rawa Pasang Surut di Kabupaten Merauke

Wilayah Papua memiliki potensi lahan rawa untuk pengembangan pangan yang cukup luas. Potensi lahan yang tersedia untuk pengembangan tanaman pangan di Kabupaten Merauke berkisar 2,5 juta ha. Pengkajian dilaksanakan dari bulan Februari - Mei 2012 di Kabupaten Merauke Provinsi Papua. Kajian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaan agronomis dan memilih varietas unggul yang adaptif berdasarkan hasil tanaman. Pengkajian dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 7 varietas padi rawa unggul baru (Inpara 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) serta 2 varietas pembanding yaitu Mekongga dan Batanghari. Ukuran plot yang digunakan adalah 5 m x 7 m dengan jarak tanam legowo 2:1. Variabel yang diamati adalah: tinggi tanaman maksimum, jumlah anakan maksimum, jumlah malai per rumpun, panjang malai, jumlah gabah isi/malai, persentase gabah bernas, bobot 1000 butir dan hasil gabah bersih hektar. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dengan uji F pada taraf nyata 5%. Jika uji F berpengaruh nyata maka nilai tengah diuji lanjut dengan uji Dunnet pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil kajian 5 varietas unggul baru dengan 2 varietas pembanding yang diuji menunjukkan Inpara 2 memiliki postur tanaman tertinggi dibanding varietas unggul lainnya dan varietas pembanding, sedangkan jumlah anakan maksimum terbanyak diperoleh varietas Inpara 1. Varietas Inpara 2 dan Inpara 4 memberikan rata-rata hasil lebih tinggi dari 2 varietas pembanding. Untuk pengembangan padi dilahan pasang surut di kabupaten Merauke disarankan menggunakan Inpara 2 dan Inpara 4

The Functional Form of Angular Forces around Transition Metal Ions in Biomolecules

A method for generating angular forces around $\sigma$-bonded transition metal ions is generalized to treat $\pi$-bonded configurations. The theoretical approach is based on an analysis of a ligand-field Hamiltonian based on the moments of the electron state distribution. The functional forms that are obtained involve a modification of the usual expression of the binding energy as a sum of ligand-ligand interactions, which however requires very little increased in CPU time. The angular interactions have simple forms involving sin and cos functions, whose relative weights depend on whether the ligands are $\sigma$- or $\pi$-bonded. They describe the ligand-field stabilization energy to an accuracy of about 10%. The resulting force field is used to model the structure of small clusters, including fragments of the copper blue protein structure. Large deviations from the typical square copper coordination are found when $\pi$-bonded ligands are present.Comment: Latex source, 9 postscript figure

Ecological succession of a Jurassic shallow-water ichthyosaur fall.

After the discovery of whale fall communities in modern oceans, it has been hypothesized that during the Mesozoic the carcasses of marine reptiles created similar habitats supporting long-lived and specialized animal communities. Here, we report a fully documented ichthyosaur fall community, from a Late Jurassic shelf setting, and reconstruct the ecological succession of its micro- and macrofauna. The early 'mobile-scavenger' and 'enrichment-opportunist' stages were not succeeded by a 'sulphophilic stage' characterized by chemosynthetic molluscs, but instead the bones were colonized by microbial mats that attracted echinoids and other mat-grazing invertebrates. Abundant cemented suspension feeders indicate a well-developed 'reef stage' with prolonged exposure and colonization of the bones prior to final burial, unlike in modern whale falls where organisms such as the ubiquitous bone-eating worm Osedax rapidly destroy the skeleton. Shallow-water ichthyosaur falls thus fulfilled similar ecological roles to shallow whale falls, and did not support specialized chemosynthetic communities

PENGKAJIAN VARIETAS PADI UNGGUL BARU PADA LAHAN RAWA PASANG SURUT DI KABUPATEN MERAUKE

Wilayah Papua memiliki potensi lahan rawa untuk pengembangan pangan yang cukup luas. Potensi lahan yang tersedia untuk pengembangan tanaman pangan di Kabupaten Merauke berkisar 2,5 juta ha. Pengkajian dilaksanakan dari bulan Februari - Mei 2012 di Kabupaten Merauke Provinsi Papua. Kajian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaan agronomis dan memilih varietas unggul yang adaptif berdasarkan hasil tanaman. Pengkajian dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 7 varietas padi rawa unggul baru (Inpara 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) serta 2 varietas pembanding yaitu Mekongga dan Batanghari. Ukuran plot yang digunakan adalah 5 m x 7 m dengan jarak tanam legowo 2:1. Variabel yang diamati adalah: tinggi tanaman maksimum, jumlah anakan maksimum, jumlah malai per rumpun, panjang malai, jumlah gabah isi/malai, persentase gabah bernas, bobot 1000 butir dan hasil gabah bersih hektar. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dengan uji F pada taraf nyata 5%. Jika uji F berpengaruh nyata maka nilai tengah diuji lanjut dengan uji Dunnet pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil kajian 5 varietas unggul baru dengan 2 varietas pembanding yang diuji menunjukkan Inpara 2 memiliki postur tanaman tertinggi dibanding varietas unggul lainnya dan varietas pembanding, sedangkan jumlah anakan maksimum terbanyak diperoleh varietas Inpara 1. Varietas Inpara 2 dan Inpara 4 memberikan rata-rata hasil lebih tinggi dari 2 varietas pembanding. Untuk pengembangan padi dilahan pasang surut di kabupaten Merauke disarankan menggunakan Inpara 2 dan Inpara 4

Gender violence in schools: taking the ‘girls-as-victims’ discourse forward

This paper draws attention to the gendered nature of violence in schools. Recent recognition that schools can be violent places has tended to ignore the fact that many such acts originate in unequal and antagonistic gender relations, which are tolerated and ‘normalised’ by everyday school structures and processes. After examining some key concepts and definitions, we provide a brief overview of the scope and various manifestations of gender violence in schools, noting that most research to date has focused on girls as victims of gender violence within a heterosexual context and ignores other forms such as homophobic and girl violence. We then move on to look at a few interventions designed to address gender violence in schools in the developing world and end by highlighting the need for more research and improved understanding of the problem and how it can be addressed

Assessment of femoral retroversion on preoperative hip magnetic resonance imaging in patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis: Theoretical implications for hip impingement risk estimation.

PURPOSE Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a common pediatric hip disease and was associated with femoral retroversion, but femoral version was rarely measured. Therefore, mean femoral version, mean femoral neck version, and prevalence of femoral retroversion were analyzed for slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients. METHODS A retrospective observational study evaluating preoperative hip magnetic resonance imaging of 27 patients (49 hips) was performed. Twenty-seven untreated slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients (28 slipped capital femoral epiphysis hips and 21 contralateral hips, age 10-16 years) were evaluated (79% stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis, 22 patients; 43% severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis, 12 patients). Femoral version was measured using Murphy method on magnetic resonance imaging (January 2014-December 2021, rapid bilateral 3-dimensional T1 water-only Dixon-based images of pelvis and knee). All slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients underwent surgery after magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Mean femoral version of slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients (-1° ± 15°) was significantly (p < 0.001) lower compared to contralateral side (15° ± 14°). Femoral version of slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients had significantly (p < 0.001) wider range from -42° to 35° (range 77°) compared to contralateral side (-5° to 44°, range 49°). Mean femoral neck version of slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients (6° ± 15°) was lower compared to contralateral side (11° ± 12°). Fifteen slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients (54%) had absolute femoral retroversion (femoral version < 0°). Six of the 12 hips (50%) with severe slips and 4 of the 8 hips (50%) with mild slips had absolute femoral retroversion (femoral version < 0°). Ten slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients (40%) had absolute femoral neck retroversion (femoral neck version < 0°). CONCLUSION Although slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients showed asymmetrically lower femoral version compared to contralateral side, there was a wide range of femoral version, underlining the importance of patient-specific femoral version analysis on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Absolute femoral retroversion was prevalent in half of slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients, in half of severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients, and in half of mild slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients. This has implications for anterior hip impingement and for surgical treatment with in situ pinning or femoral osteotomy (e.g. proximal femoral derotation osteotomy) or other hip preservation surgery