Formulation and Evaluation of Medicated Chewing Gum Delivery of Lymecycline

In the present study, an attempt has been made to formulate medicated chewing gum of lymecycline to achieve better patient compliance and improved drug release. The results of compatibility studies by infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning colorimetric (DSC), showed no interaction between the drug and stabilizers. Medicated chewing gum of Lymecycline were successfully prepared by melting method using different concentrations of polymers, PVA, BCD, PEG-4000, cros povidone and without polymers. The presence of polymers made the chewing gum more stable with increasing drug release. Plasticizer ratio and synthetic gum base concentration are critical parameters which affect the consistency and drug release profile. The Drug content of the selected formulations (F8) was 98.03%, which indicates the maximum amount of drug present in the formulation chewing gum. In Vitro release study of all the formulations were showed in increase drug release with increase in concentration of polymers (PVA, PEG-4000 ,β-CD, Cros Povidone ) Dissolution rate of all the formulations were improved when compared to pure drug. The dissolution study was carried out in PH 6.8 phosphate buffer for 30 minutes. The formulations shows rapid release of drug in 20 minutes & all formulations showed more than 90% of drug release. Medicated chewing gum consisted mainly of calcium carbonate and gum base showed good elasticity, chew ability and satisfactory drug release. The selected best formulation was tested for its antibacterial activity. Chewing gum (Lymecycline) showed increased with Lymecycline capsules. The faster onset of action desired in delivery of indicated chewing gum. In all the formulations, F8 shows highest drug release of in 30 minutes. The invitro release studies revealed that the prepared chewing gums showed a faster drug release when compared to the pure drug. The formulations are kept for accelerated stability studies; they showed no change in the drug release profile. Thus stability results prove that the formulation was stable at accelerated conditions. Conclusion: Hence, it was concluded that Medicated chewing gum of lymecycline was successfully prepared by melting method using different concentrations of plasticizer and synthetic gum base, Formula is optimized by changing the plasticizer ratio and synthetic gum base concentration are critical parameters which effect the consistency and drug release profile. Based on the drug release files of all the formulations, formulation F8 is the optimized formulations are kept for stability studies. Thus, it’s the better option to prepare Lymecycline into a medicated chewing gum to achieve better patient compliance and improved drug release. From this study it was concluded that chewing gum that contains highest amount of β-cyclodextrin showed good release in invitro studies. It indicates that B-cyclodextrin acts as a good solubilizer which enhances the solubility of the drug Lymecycline. Higher polymer ration enhances drug solubility, which leads to increase in the amount of drug absorption. By delivering Lymecycline in the form of chewing gum, it directly enters into systemic circulation thus by passes first pas metabolism and hence bio availability of drug increase

A Fluorescent Glycolipid-Binding Peptide Probe Traces Cholesterol Dependent Microdomain-Derived Trafficking Pathways

10.1371/journal.pone.0002933PLoS ONE38

Analysis and Modeling of Prediction of Plane Strain Properties of Cohesionless Soils from Direct Shear Test

Direct shear test is commonly used for research and geotechnical engineering design due to its simplicity and cost effectiveness. However, analysis of many geotechnical structures such as earth pressure and slope stability problems require measurement of shear strength properties of cohesionless soils. Therefore, it is usually relied on empirical relationships like correlation to predict soil properties from direct shear test. One of the key issues in both the execution and design stage is to ensure stability of buildings especially when unfavorable soil conditions are present. Hence, accurate information regarding geotechnical parameters are required for establishing the correlations.An investigation of the shear strength of cohesionless soil is carried out using direct shear apparatus according to relative density ranging from 15 to 95%. From the experimental study, angle of shearing resistance and angle of dilation is obtained. Correlations of angle of shearing resistance and angle of dilation interms of relative density is arrived from Principle of least squares, Trend line approach(MS-Excel) and Regression model. From these correlations, the best fit linear equation which is having higher strength and minimum error is obtained. This correlation is checked with ANOVA Single Factor for its reliability. From this computer data, the best fit for the linear correlation is Principle of least squares. This correlation will be helpful for the geotechnical engineer to predict the shear strength parameters of different cohesionless soils in the design process of embankments, retaining walls and slope stability problems

Numerous diagnostic methods for salivary gland tumors: A review

Salivary gland neoplasms are usually slow growing and non-tender. A slow-growing swelling of the salivary gland is suggestive of a neoplasm, whereas a sudden, painful swelling is suggestive of an infective pathology although it can sometimes indicate a malignant tumor with secondary infection. Salivary gland pathologies may be neoplastic, non-neoplastic, inflammatory, or non-inflammatory. Early surgical intervention after a good clinical, radiological, and histopathological diagnosis is need of an hour to minimize the postoperative complications

A study of cytoplasmic staining in buccal smears using curcuma longa (turmeric) extract as an alternate to eosin as compared to H & E staining procedure

Eosin is an efficient synthetic dye belonging to xanthenes group. Eosin dyes are efficient but are hazardous to human and animal health. Owing to this, an alternative dye that has a good staining ability, eco-friendly, biodegradable & commercially available turmeric known as Curcuma longa was used. The intense yellow color of turmeric inspired us to explore its efficacy as an alternative for eosin in routine cytological procedure and compare it with routine H&E stain. The present study aims to explore the efficacy of turmeric extract as a cytoplasmic counter stain instead of eosin and a comparative assessment with routine H&E in cytological smear. A total of 30 individuals were initially included in the study, which comprised of 2 cytological smears were taken from each individual and each smear was stained with H&E and Curcuma longa respectively. All the slides were interpreted by 3 observers and findings were recorded separately. The intensity of staining was recorded as follow: 0 – Poor / no stain, 1 – Mild, 2 – Moderate, 3 – Intense. The results were analyzed using Spearsons correlation test.The results revealed that the staining intensity of Curcuma longa is similar to that of eosin

Ultrasound-assisted extraction and the encapsulation of bioactive components for food applications

Various potential sources of bioactive components exist in nature which are fairly underutilized due to the lack of a scientific approach that can be sustainable as well as practically feasible. The recovery of bioactive compounds is a big challenge and its use in food industry to develop functional foods is a promising area of research. Various techniques are available for the extraction of these bioactives but due to their thermolabile nature, there is demand for nonthermal or green technologies which can lower the cost of operation and decrease operational time and energy consumption as compared to conventional methods. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is gaining popularity due to its relative advantages over solvent extraction. Thereafter, ultrasonication as an encapsulating tool helps in protecting the core components against adverse food environmental conditions during processing and storage. The review mainly aims to discuss ultrasound technology, its applications, the fundamental principles of ultrasonic-assisted extraction and encapsulation, the parameters affecting them, and applications of ultrasound-assisted extraction and encapsulation in food systems. Additionally, future research areas are highlighted with an emphasis on the energy sustainability of the whole process

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and the Encapsulation of Bioactive Components for Food Applications

Various potential sources of bioactive components exist in nature which are fairly underutilized due to the lack of a scientific approach that can be sustainable as well as practically feasible. The recovery of bioactive compounds is a big challenge and its use in food industry to develop functional foods is a promising area of research. Various techniques are available for the extraction of these bioactives but due to their thermolabile nature, there is demand for nonthermal or green technologies which can lower the cost of operation and decrease operational time and energy consumption as compared to conventional methods. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is gaining popularity due to its relative advantages over solvent extraction. Thereafter, ultrasonication as an encapsulating tool helps in protecting the core components against adverse food environmental conditions during processing and storage. The review mainly aims to discuss ultrasound technology, its applications, the fundamental principles of ultrasonic-assisted extraction and encapsulation, the parameters affecting them, and applications of ultrasound-assisted extraction and encapsulation in food systems. Additionally, future research areas are highlighted with an emphasis on the energy sustainability of the whole process