Wertschöpfungs- und Werteinforderungsnormen im Rahmen der "Plural Form Governance": Ein empirischer Test in Key-Account- und Nicht-Key-Account-Dyaden

Zusammenfassung: In den letzten Jahren hat sich die betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung verstärkt mit der Gestaltung sog. Regelungssysteme zur Kontrolle dyadischer Austauschprozesse befasst. Wesentliche Elemente eines Regelungssystems sind Verträge, beziehungsspezifische Investitionen, Normen sowie Vertrauen. Die Kombination einzelner Regelungsmechanismen in einem zusammenhängenden System wird auch als "Plural Form Governance" bezeichnet. Aus Managementsicht ist fraglich, welchen Einfluss einzelne Regelungsmechanismen auf Erfolgsgrößen, in vertikalen Dyaden bspw. Kundenzufriedenheit und -commitment, ausüben. Die regressionsanalytischen Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie aus dem Business-to-Business-Bereich (n = 297) weisen auf einen hohen Erklärungsbeitrag der Regelungsstruktur hin. Sie erlauben zudem, die relative Bedeutung der einzelnen Regelungsmechanismen zu verstehen. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Studien unterscheidet dieser Beitrag dabei explizit zwischen Normen, die Wertschöpfung regeln, sowie Normen, die Werteinforderung regeln. Zudem werden zwei Arten von Geschäftsbeziehungen unterschieden, Key-Account-Dyaden und Nicht-Key-Account-Dyade

Translation by Virginia Ivens of Coccidia of rodents of central Kazakhstan in \u3ci\u3eWorks of the Institute of Zoology\u3c/i\u3e, Academy of Sciences, Kazakh SSR (1958) 9: 183-186

Translation number 3, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois Translated citation: Svanbaev, S. K. Coccidia of rodents of central Kazakhstan in Works of the Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences, Kazakh SSR (1958) 9: 183-186 Transliterated citation: Svanbaev, S. K. K poznaniyu fauny koktsidii gryzunov tsentral\u27nogo Kazakhstana. Trudy Instituta Zoologii, Akademie Nauk Kazakh SSR (1958) tom IX: 183-186 Translation from Russian to English by Virginia Ivens (noted as VI:j), University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States, March 5, 1960 (4 pages

Translation by Virginia Ivens of Coccidia of sheep and goats of western Kazakhstan by S. K. Svanbaev in Works of the Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences, Kazakh SSR 7: 252-257 (1957)

Translation of Coccidia of sheep and goats of western Kazakhstan by S. K. Svanbaev, in Works of the Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences, Kazakh SSR (1957) 7: 252-257. Transliteration: K voprosu o faune i morfologii koktsidii ovets i koz zapadnogo Ka.zakhstana. Trudy Instituta Zoologii Akad. Nauk Kazakh SSR (1957) tom VII: 252-257

Translation of Svanbaev, S. K. 1955. A new species of coccidia in turkeys. \u3ci\u3eWorks of the Institute of Zoology Academy of Sciences Kazakh SSR\u3c/i\u3e 3: 161-163. Transliteration: Novyi vid koktsidii u indeek. \u3ci\u3eTrudy Instituta Zoologii Akademie Nauk Kazakh SSR\u3c/i\u3e 3: 161-163

Translation number 7, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States, February 9, 1961 Translation of Svanbaev, S. K. 1955. A new species of coccidia in turkeys. Works of the Institute of Zoology Academy of Sciences Kazakh SSR 3: 161-163. Transliteration: Novyi vid koktsidii u indeek. Trudy Instituta Zoologii Akademie Nauk Kazakh SSR 3: 161-163 Translated from Russian to English by Virginia Ivens, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States (notated: VI:d

Translated from Russian by Virginia Ivens. Svanbaev, S. K. 1958. The coccidial fauna of wild ungulates of Kazakhstan. Works of the Institute of Zoology Academy of Sciences, Kazakh SSR 9: 187-197. Transliteration: Fauna koktsidi! dikikh kopyteykh zhivoteykh Kazakhstana. Trudy Instituta Zoologii Akademie Nauk Kazakh SSR 9: 187-197

Translation number 9, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States, 1960 or 1961 Translation of Svanbaev, S. K. 1958. The coccidial fauna of wild ungulates of Kazakhstan. Works of the Institute of Zoology Academy of Sciences, Kazakh SSR 9: 187-197. Transliteration: Fauna koktsidii dikikh kopyteykh zhivoteykh Kazakhstana. Trudy Instituta Zoologii Akademie Nauk Kazakh SSR 9: 187-197 Translated from Russian to English by Virginia Ivens, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United State

The amoebal MAP kinase response to Legionella pneumophila is regulated by DupA

SummaryThe amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum can support replication of Legionella pneumophila. Here we identify the dupA gene, encoding a putative tyrosine kinase/dual-specificity phosphatase, in a screen for D. discoideum mutants altered in allowing L. pneumophila intracellular replication. Inactivation of dupA resulted in depressed L. pneumophila growth and sustained hyperphosphorylation of the amoebal MAP kinase ERK1, consistent with loss of a phosphatase activity. Bacterial challenge of wild-type amoebae induced dupA expression and resulted in transiently increased ERK1 phosphorylation, suggesting that dupA and ERK1 are part of a response to bacteria. Indeed, over 500 of the genes misregulated in the dupA− mutant were regulated in response to L. pneumophila infection, including some thought to have immune-like functions. MAP kinase phosphatases are known to be highly upregulated in macrophages challenged with L. pneumophila. Thus, DupA may regulate a MAP kinase response to bacteria that is conserved from amoebae to mammals

Blockchain Technology as a Means for Brand Trust Repair – Empirical Evidence from a Digital Transgression

Though much discussion in the realm of blockchain revolves around the concept of trust, research examining blockchain technology as a means for brand trust repair is still at an initial stage. This study conducts an experiment that analyzes blockchain technology as a substantive response to a data breach within a global business-to-consumer information systems application. Thereby, the present study expands trust repair theories to the context of blockchain and branding. Research results indicate that the use of blockchain technology as a reaction to a digital transgression may be able to reinstate brand trust, having a superior impact compared to an approach that uses a centrally managed information systems platform to restore brand trust. Overall, study results suggest that the use of blockchain technology can be an effective component of brand trust repair strategies in the digital space

Observation of Amounts of Movement Practice Provided during Stroke Rehabilitation

Objective To investigate how much movement practice occurred during stroke rehabilitation, and what factors might influence doses of practice provided. Design Observational survey of stroke therapy sessions. Setting Seven inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation sites. Participants We observed a convenience sample of 312 physical and occupational therapy sessions for people with stroke. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures We recorded numbers of repetitions in specific movement categories and data on potential modifying factors (patient age, side affected, time since stroke, FIM item scores, years of therapist experience). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize amounts of practice. Correlation and regression analyses were used to determine whether potential factors were related to the amount of practice in the 2 important categories of upper extremity functional movements and gait steps. Results Practice of task-specific, functional upper extremity movements occurred in 51% of the sessions that addressed upper limb rehabilitation, and the average number of repetitions/session was 32 (95% confidence interval [CI]=20–44). Practice of gait occurred in 84% of sessions that addressed lower limb rehabilitation and the average number of gait steps/session was 357 (95% CI=296–418). None of the potential factors listed accounted for significant variance in the amount of practice in either of these 2 categories. Conclusions The amount of practice provided during poststroke rehabilitation is small compared with animal models. It is possible that current doses of task-specific practice during rehabilitation are not adequate to drive the neural reorganization needed to promote function poststroke optimally

The interacting nature of dwarf galaxies hosting superluminous supernovae

(Abridged) Type I superluminous supernovae (SLSNe I) are rare, powerful explosions whose mechanism and progenitors remain elusive. SLSNe I show a preference for low-metallicity, actively star-forming dwarf galaxies. We investigate whether the hosts of SLSNe I show increased evidence for interaction. We use a sample of 42 SLSN I images obtained with $\textit{HST}$ and measure the number of companion galaxies by counting the objects detected within a given radius from the host. As a comparison, we used two Monte Carlo-based methods to estimate the expected average number of companion objects in the same images, as well as a sample of 32 galaxies that have hosted long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). About 50% of SLSN I hosts have at least one major companion (within a flux ratio of 1:4) within 5 kpc. The average number of major companions per SLSN I host galaxy is $0.70^{+0.19}_{-0.14}$. Our Monte Carlo comparison methods yield a lower number of companions for random objects of similar brightness in the same image or for the SLSN host after randomly redistributing the sources in the same image. The Anderson-Darling test shows that this difference is statistically significant independent of the redshift range. The same is true for the projected distance distribution of the companions. The SLSN I hosts are, thus, found in areas of their images, where the object number density is greater than average. SLSN I hosts have more companions than GRB hosts ($0.44^{+0.25}_{-0.13}$ companions per host distributed over 25% of the hosts) but the difference is not statistically significant. The difference between their separations is, however, marginally significant. The dwarf galaxies hosting SLSNe I are often part of interacting systems. This suggests that SLSNe I progenitors are formed after a recent burst of star formation. Low metallicity alone cannot explain this tendency.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. In v2 replaced graphs with higher quality PDF version