1,019 research outputs found
Reformulasi Sistem Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional Model Gbhn sebagai Pelaksanaan Asas Kedaulatan Rakyat dalam Rangka Perubahan Ke-v UUD 1945
GBHN atau Garis Besar Haluan Negara, adalah bentuk catatan rencana pembangunan negara Indonesia. Dan merupakan keinginan bersama rakyat Indonesia secara menyeluruh (garis besar) yang dibuat oleh MPR sebagai miniatur rakyat di pemerintahan. Didalam GBHN juga tertera aturan-aturan jalannya pembangunan negara yang harus berlandaskan kepada UUD 1945 sebagai tempat tertulisnya tujuan atau cita-cita negara Indonesia. Permasalahan mengenai stagnasi pembangunan yang seringkali dirasakan dewasa ini membuat romantisme kepada GBHN kembali disemarakan. GBHN sangat penting agar arah dan program maupun kebijakan pembangunan nasional tak berubah-ubah berdasarkan rezim yang sedang berkuasa. Jika GBHN dihidupkan kembali maka harus mengamandemen UUD 1945 dan beberapa undang-undang terlebih dahulu, karena setelah zaman reformasi, ada Undang–undang yang diamandemen sehingga GBHN tidak diperlukan lagi. Maka dari itu, jika ingin menghidupkan kembali GBHN, MPR harus mengamandemen undang – undang yang tidak sesuai dengan GBHN. Konsekuensinya adalah pada mekanisme pemilihan presiden secara langsung karena bisa saja MPR kembali menjadi lembaga tertinggi negara dan mempunyai kewajiban untuk memilih kembali presiden disamping membuat dan menetapkan GBHN
Polyfluorinated Cyclopentadienones as Lewis Acids
The ability of 2,3,4,5-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-one and 2,3,4,5-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-one to act as organic Lewis acids in the field of frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry was evaluated. Whereas the former ketone formed zwitterionic adducts with all phosphines studied, the latter did not react with bulky phosphines and, instead, gave completely organic FLPs. Unfortunately, these did not activate dihydrogen, even under high pressures
Kinetika Adsorpsi Gas Benzena Pada Karbon Aktif Tempurung Kelapa
Telah diteliti kinetika adsorpsi gas benzena pada karbon aktif tempurung kelapa yang diaktivasi dengan NaCl dengan tujuan menentukan model kinetika yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk adsorpsi gas benzena pada karbon aktif tempurung kelapa. Data adsorpsi dianalisis dengan menggunakan empat model persamaan laju adsorpsi yaitu (1) persamaan laju order pertama pseudo Lagergren, (2) persamaan laju order kedua pseudo Ho, (3) persamaan Elovich, dan (4) persamaan Ritchie. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa model kinetika dengan persamaan laju order ke-2 pseudo Ho adalah yang paling sesuai diaplikasikan untuk adsorpsi gas benzena pada karbon aktif tempurung kelapa. Dari model kinetika order ke-2 pseudo Ho diperoleh konstanta adsorpsi benzena sebesar 1,63x10-4 g mg-1 min-1. Nilai energi adsorpsi menunjukkan bahwa benzena teradsorpsi secara fisik pada adsorben.Kinetics of gaseous benzene adsorption on coconut shell NaCl-activated carbon had been studied. The research was aimed to determine the appropriate kinetic model applied to gaseous benzene adsorption on the adsorbent. Adsorption data was analyzed using four kinetic models of adsorption rate equation, which were (1) Lagergren's pseudo first order rate equation, (2) Ho's pseudo second order rate equation, (3) Elovich‘s equation, and (4) Ritchie's equation. The results showed that the Ho's pseudo second order rate equation was best applied to gaseous benzene adsorption on coconut shell activated carbon. The second order rate constant for benzene adsorption was 1.63x10-4 g mg-1 min-1. The value of adsorption energy showed that benzene was physically adsorbed on the adsorbent
On the Reactivity of Tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)cyclopentadienone towards Carbon-Based Lewis Bases
The reactivitiy of tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)cyclopentadienone towards different C-based Lewis bases, such as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC), ylides and isonitriles, are reported. While sterically not hindered carbenes were found to yield kinetic adducts by regiospecific nucleophilic attack at the position adjacent to the carbonyl group of the ketone, bulkier nucleophiles afforded the thermodynamically more stable O-bridged zwitterions. Interestingly, isonitriles were found to dimerize and trimerize under the same reaction conditions, forming bicyclic products that evolve differently depending on the nature of the substituents
Molecules in external fields: a semiclassical analysis
We undertake a semiclassical analysis of the spectral properties (modulations
of photoabsorption spectra, energy level statistics) of a simple Rydberg
molecule in static fields within the framework of Closed-Orbit/Periodic-Orbit
theories. We conclude that in addition to the usual classically allowed orbits
one must consider classically forbidden diffractive paths. Further, the
molecule brings in a new type of 'inelastic' diffractive trajectory, different
from the usual 'elastic' diffractive orbits encountered in previous studies of
atomic and analogous systems such as billiards with point-scatterers. The
relative importance of inelastic versus elastic diffraction is quantified by
merging the usual Closed Orbit theory framework with molecular quantum defect
theory.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Social and physical environmental correlates of adults\u27 weekend sitting time and moderating effects of retirement status and physical health
Emerging research suggests that prolonged sedentary behaviour (SB) is detrimental to health. Changes in SB patterns are likely to occur during particular life stages, for example at retirement age (55-65-year-old). Evidence on socio-ecological SB correlates is scarce and inconsistent in this age group. Moreover, the influence of socio-ecological correlates may vary depending on health and retirement status. This study examined social and environment correlates of overall weekend day sitting among adults at or approaching retirement age, and moderating effects of perceived physical health and retirement status. Baseline data from the Wellbeing, Eating and Exercise for a Long Life study in 2839 Australian adults (55-65-year-old) were analysed. Participants self-reported proximal social factors, neighbourhood social and physical environment, physical health and retirement status. MLwiN multilevel regression analyses were conducted. In the multivariable model, only social support from friends/colleagues to discourage sitting (B = -0.891; p = 0.036) was associated with overall weekend day sitting. No moderation of retirement status, nor physical health were found in the multivariable results. Results from this study suggest the importance of social factors in relation to weekend day sitting among 55-65-year-old adults. Health promotion initiatives in this age group should pay special attention to enhancing social interaction opportunities. Moreover, findings suggest that SB-specific correlates may need to be examined in future research
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