de Sitter limit of inflation and nonlinear perturbation theory

We study the fourth order action of the comoving curvature perturbation in an inflationary universe in order to understand more systematically the de Sitter limit in nonlinear cosmological perturbation theory. We derive the action of the curvature perturbation to fourth order in the comoving gauge, and show that it vanishes sufficiently fast in the de Sitter limit. By studying the de Sitter limit, we then extrapolate to the n'th order action of the comoving curvature perturbation and discuss the slow-roll order of the n-point correlation function.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure; typos corrected and discussion of tensor modes adde

The Velocity Field of the Local Universe From Measurements of Type Ia Supernovae

We present a measurement of the velocity flow of the local universe relative to the CMB rest frame, based on the Jha, Riess & Kirshner (2007) sample of 133 low redshift type Ia supernovae. At a depth of 4500 km s{sup -1} we find a dipole amplitude of 279 {+-} 68 km s{sup -1} in the direction l = 285{sup o} {+-} 18{sup o}, b = -10{sup o} {+-} 15{sup o}, consistent with earlier measurements and with the assumption that the local velocity field is dominated by the Great Attractor region. At a larger depth of 5900 km s{sup -1} we find a shift in the dipole direction towards the Shapley concentration. We also present the first measurement of the quadrupole term in the local velocity flow at these depths. Finally, we have performed detailed studies based on N-body simulations of the expected precision with which the lowest multipoles in the velocity field can be measured out to redshifts of order 0.1. Our mock catalogues are in good agreement with current observations, and demonstrate that our results are robust with respect to assumptions about the influence of local environment on the type Ia supernova rate

Exploring the impact of an evolving war and terror blogosphere on traditional media coverage of conflict

This article analyses the evolution of a war and terror blogosphere between 2001 and 2011. It identifies seven areas where blogs and related online genres could provide ‘alternative’ accounts to traditional media narratives of conflict. The article also assesses the challenges and opportunities of blogs in each area from the perspective of the working journalist in order to deepen our understanding of the changing influence of blogs on traditional media narratives of conflict. Parallel accounts and interpretations of conflict will collaborate and compete in a war and terror blogosphere in the future, but it has been significantly influenced by the adoption of blogging by military actors since 2008. The war and terror blogosphere is no longer a relatively unmonitored online space which is having an impact on both the production of ‘alternative’ accounts of conflict and the incorporation of these accounts into traditional journalism

High-precision photometry by telescope defocussing - VIII.WASP-22, WASP-41,WASP-42 andWASP-55

We present 13 high-precision and four additional light curves of four bright southernhemisphere transiting planetary systems: WASP-22, WASP-41, WASP-42 and WASP-55. In the cases of WASP-42 and WASP-55, these are the first follow-up observations since their discovery papers. We present refined measurements of the physical properties and orbital ephemerides of all four systems. No indications of transit timing variations were seen. All four planets have radii inflated above those expected from theoretical models of gas-giant planets; WASP-55 b is the most discrepant with a mass of 0.63MJup and a radius of 1.34 RJup. WASP-41 shows brightness anomalies during transit due to the planet occulting spots on the stellar surface. Two anomalies observed 3.1 d apart are very likely due to the same spot. We measure its change in position and determine a rotation period for the host star of 18.6 ± 1.5 d, in good agreement with a published measurement from spot-induced brightness modulation, and a sky-projected orbital obliquity of λ = 6 ± 11°. We conclude with a compilation of obliquity measurements from spot-tracking analyses and a discussion of this technique in the study of the orbital configurations of hot Jupiters

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Lucky Imaging photometry of Luhman 16AB (Mancini+, 2015)

Photometric light curves of Luhman 16A and Luhman 16B. (2 data files). <P /

High-precision photometry by telescope defocussing - VIII. WASP-22, WASP-41, WASP-42 and WASP-55

We present 13 high-precision and four additional light curves of four bright southern-hemisphere transiting planetary systems: WASP-22, WASP-41, WASP-42 and WASP-55. In the cases of WASP-42 and WASP-55, these are the first follow-up observations since their discovery papers. We present refined measurements of the physical properties and orbital ephemerides of all four systems. No indications of transit timing variations were seen. All four planets have radii inflated above those expected from theoretical models of gas-giant planets; WASP-55 b is the most discrepant with a mass of 0.63M(Jup) and a radius of 1.34 R-Jup. WASP-41 shows brightness anomalies during transit due to the planet occulting spots on the stellar surface. Two anomalies observed 3.1 d apart are very likely due to the same spot. We measure its change in position and determine a rotation period for the host star of 18.6 +/- 1.5 d, in good agreement with a published measurement from spot-induced brightness modulation, and a sky-projected orbital obliquity of lambda = 6 +/- 11 degrees. We conclude with a compilation of obliquity measurements from spot-tracking analyses and a discussion of this technique in the study of the orbital configurations of hot Jupiters

Adherence to treatment: practice, education and research in Danish community pharmacy

Objective: To describe the practice, education and research concerning medication adherence in Danish community pharmacy. Methods: The authors supplemented their expertise in the area of medication adherence through their contacts with other educators and researchers as well as by conducting searches in the Danish Pharmacy Practice Evidence Database, which provides annually updated literature reviews on intervention research in Danish pharmacy practice. Results: Practice: Medication adherence is the focus of and/or is supported by a large number of services and initiatives used in pharmacy practice such as governmental funding, IT-supported medicine administration systems, dose-dispensing systems, theme years in pharmacies on adherence and concordance, standards for counselling at the counter, pharmacist counselling, medication reviews and inhaler technique assessment. Education: In Denmark, pharmacy and pharmaconomist students are extensively trained in the theory and practice of adherence to therapy. Pharmacy staff can choose from a variety of continuing education and post-graduate programmes which address patient adherence. Research: Nine ongoing and recently completed studies are described. Early research in Denmark comprised primarily smaller, qualitative studies centred on user perspectives, whereas later research has shifted the focus towards larger, quantitative, controlled studies and action-oriented studies focusing on patient groups with chronic diseases (such as diabetes, asthma, coronary vascular diseases). Conclusions: Our analysis has documented that Danish pharmaceutical education and research has focused strongly on adherence to treatment for more than three decades. Adherence initiatives in Danish community pharmacies have developed substantially in the past 5-10 years, and, as pharmacies have prioritised their role in health care and patient safety, this development can be expected to continue in future years.Se realizó la evaluación del programa de gestión de enfermedad para diabetes tipo 2, �SugarCare�. En comparación con los cuidados normales, este programa ofrecía a los pacientes un seguimiento más próximo de la glucemia, consejo sobre hábitos de vida, etc. El estudio SugarCare estuvo financiado por una beca, opero si se quiere que los cuidados continúen debe encontrarse otro método de financiación. Objetivos: Este estudio pretendió medir las preferencias de los consumidores por uno de los dos tipos de cuidados ofrecidos en el estudio SugarCare, el control/estándar y el servicio intervención/avanzado; la fuerza de esas preferencias; y la voluntad de los participantes de pagar (WTP) por el cuidado preferido. Métodos: SugarCare era un diseño en grupos paralelos, control contra intervención, con mediciones repetidas en tres áreas de New South Wales (Australia). Los pacientes en el grupo intervención (cuidados elevados) tenían una visita inicial a la farmacia con seis visitas de seguimiento durante aproximadamente 9 meses. En esas visitas, se medía la glucemia y se resolvían problemas en de los pacientes. Al final del servicio, se envió un cuestionario a los participantes control e intervención y se les pedía que lo leyesen y esperasen una llamada de teléfono a las dos semanas de recibirlo. Se solicitaban las respuestas al teléfono y el investigador completaba el cuestionario. Los datos de WTP se recogieron utilizando un método de tarjeta de pago modificado. Resultados: 44/75 respondentes (59%; 47%-70% 95%CI) expresó preferencias por el escenario B (cuidados avanzados) mientras que 31/75 (41%; 31%-52% 95CI) prefirió el escenario A (cuidaos estándar), sin embargo la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. La mediana del WTP máximo fue de 10 dólares australianos (AUD) para los cuidados avanzados y de 3,30AUD para los cuidados estándar (p<0,03). Conclusiones: Mientras que los valores de WTP expresados eran significativamente más altos para los cuidados avanzados, no encajaban con el coste de proporcionar esos cuidados diabéticos. El análisis de selección discreta tiene la posibilidad de superar algunas de las dificultades encontradas con la técnica de evaluación de contingencia utilizada aquí. Se necesitan investigaciones adicionales antes de que los valores de WTP como estos puedan ser utilizados con confianza para determinar políticas de financiación

Explaining the luminosity spread in young clusters:proto and pre-main sequence stellar evolution in a molecular cloud environment

Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams of star forming regions show a large luminosity spread. This is incompatible with well-defined isochrones based on classic non-accreting protostellar evo- lution models. Protostars do not evolve in isolation of their environment, but grow through accretion of gas. In addition, while an age can be defined for a star forming region, the ages of individual stars in the region will vary. We show how the combined effect of a protostellar age spread, a consequence of sustained star formation in the molecular cloud, and time-varying protostellar accretion for individual protostars can explain the observed luminosity spread. We use a global MHD simulation including a sub-scale sink particle model of a star forming region to follow the accretion process of each star. The accretion profiles are used to compute stellar evolution models for each star, incorporating a model of how the accretion energy is distributed to the disk, radiated away at the accretion shock, or incorporated into the outer layers of the protostar. Using a modelled cluster age of 5 Myr we naturally reproduce the lumi- nosity spread and find good agreement with observations of the Collinder 69 cluster, and the Orion Nebular Cluster. It is shown how stars in binary and multiple systems can be externally forced creating recurrent episodic accretion events. We find that in a realistic global molecular cloud model massive stars build up mass over relatively long time-scales. This leads to an important conceptual change compared to the classic picture of non-accreting stellar evolution segmented in to low-mass Hayashi tracks and high-mass Henyey tracks.Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures, Updated to match published article in MNRA