Technopreneurship in Small Businesses

The purpose of this study is to show reports that revealed small businesses in Indonesia have many concerns about survival, competitiveness, and efficiency due to related issues such as finance, lack of information and knowledge, capabilities and capacity. This research is based on problems related to IT implementation in Indonesia. It determines the problems associated with implementation and identifies factors for successful IT implementation in Indonesia. The descriptive qualitative method with literature review was carried out to obtain data that has been changed in the form of book notes, newspapers, agendas, inscriptions, minutes of meetings, and magazines. This study intends to be a reference in the development of small businesses in Indonesia who are very concerned about the development of technology that can improve small businesses to utilize social media as promotion

Controlled Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate Mediated by a Bis(imino)pyridine Vanadium Complex

Source type: Prin

Effect of UI/UX Designer on Front End

In this digital era, product quality cannot be separated from aesthetics, those who are responsible for the beauty of product appearance are UI/UX Design and FrontEnd. Therefore, this study aims to find out what distinguishes UI/UX from FrontEnd and the correlation between UI/UX to FrontEnd. The method that this research uses is descriptive by presenting a complete picture of a particular situation based on facts, theories, and accurate reference sources with previous research. The results show that the presence of a UI/UX Designer can affect FrontEnd in the design/development of information systems. The main influence it has is in terms of appearance being more interactive as well as attractive. Even so, the position of FrontEnd cannot be replaced by a UI/UX Designer, because it is FrontEnd here who will implement the design and ensure that the aesthetics and functionality of the system run well

Dinuclear molybdenum tetracarbonyl complexes of tetradentate nitrogen ligands and intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the crystal structure of N,N'-bis-[1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene]-ethane-1,2-diamine

Multidentate N-ligands (Schiff bases) were prepared by the condensation of 2-acetylpyridine or 2-benzoylpyridine, and 1,2-diaminoethane or 1,6-diaminohexane (2:1 ratio) in ethanol. These ligands were reacted with Mo(CO)6 to obtain dinuclear metal tetracarbonyl compounds. Both terminal amine groups were seen to form imines from the reaction of mono-ketones with diamines in 2:1 or 1:1 ratios. The structures of these ligands and metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, and FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS spectral techniques. N,N'-bis[1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene]ethane-1,2-diamine, which was obtained by the reaction of 2-acetylpyridine and 1,2-diaminoethane, was also characterized by single crystal X-ray structure analysis. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular H-bonding and ?-? interactions. © TÜBİTAK

Density functional investigation of the molecular structures, vibrational spectra and molecular properties of sulfonated pyridyl imine ligands and their palladium complexes

The equilibrium geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies of the. sulfonated pyridyl-imine ligands (L1-L6) and their palladium (II) complexes (C1-C6) were calculated using density functional theory at the B3LYP level. The complete vibrational assignments of ligand L1, and its palladium (II) complex C1, were performed based on the total energy distribution (TED) of the vibrational modes and the calculated isotopic frequency shifts. In order to investigate the electronic properties of ligands and complexes, quantum chemical parameters, such as the highest occupied molecular orbital energy (?HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (?LUMO), energy gap (??), dipole moment (µ), electronegativity (?) and hardness (?) were calculated. Chemical hardness was used to predict their relative stability and reactivity. © 2013 Elsevier B.V

Quantifying alumina nanoparticle dispersion in hybrid carbon fiber composites using photoluminescent spectroscopy

Composites modified with nanoparticles are of interest to many researchers due to the large surface-area-to-volume ratio of nano-scale fillers. One challenge with nanoscale materials that has received significant attention is the dispersion of nanoparticles in a matrix material. A random distribution of particles often ensures good material properties, especially as it relates to the thermal and mechanical performance of composites. Typical methods to quantify particle dispersion in a matrix material include optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. These utilize images and a variety of analysis methods to describe particle dispersion. This work describes how photoluminescent spectroscopy can serve as an additional technique capable of quickly and comprehensively quantifying particle dispersion of photoluminescent particles in a hybrid composite. High resolution 2D photoluminescent maps were conducted on the front and back surfaces of a hybrid carbon fiber reinforced polymer containing varying contents of alumina nanoparticles. The photoluminescent maps were analyzed for the intensity of the alumina R1 fluorescence peak, and therefore yielded alumina particle dispersion based on changes in intensity from the embedded nanoparticles. A method for quantifying particle sedimentation is also proposed that compares the photoluminescent data of the front and back surfaces of each hybrid composite and assigns a single numerical value to the degree of sedimentation in each specimen. The methods described in this work have the potential to aid in the manufacturing processes of hybrid composites by providing on-site quality control options, capable of quickly and noninvasively providing feedback on nanoparticle dispersion and sedimentation

The synthesis of (N1E,N4E)-N1,N 4-bis(pyridine-2-YL) ethylene benzene-1,4-diamine and investigation of its efficiency as new binuclear catalyst complex in copper-based ATRP

(N1E,N4E)-N1,N4-bis(pyridin-2- yl) ethylene benzene-1,4-diamine (BPEBD) was synthesized by condensation of 2-acetyl pyridine and 1,4-diaminobenzene and its efficiency as a catalyst in Cu-based atom transfer radical polymerizations (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (S) was investigated. Linear first-order kinetic plots were obtained. However, there were induction periods. The apparent rate constant values of ATRP of MMA with CuCl/BPEBD catalyst system in toluene were found to be between 2.10 × 10-5 and 9.83 × 10-5 s -1, while they were between 6.67 × 10-6 and 3.30 × 10-5 s-1 in the case of acetonitrile, indicating the presence of a low radical concentration throughout the polymerizations. Low apparent rate constant values denote a good control over ATRP in general. Apparent rate constant vs [ligand]/[catalyst] ratio plots showed a maximum at the [ligand]/[catalyst] ratio of 1. In the ATRP of MMA in toluene, M n,GPC values increased linearly with conversion and these molecular weight values were close to M n,th in comparison to that of in acetonitrile. In the polymerization of S, the control of molecular weights was not good, although the reactions were first-order kinetics. Cyclic voltammetry measurements confirmed that CuCl/BPEBD complex in acetonitrile gives quasi-reversible redox couples, and copper (I) centers in CuCl/BPEBD binuclear catalyst complexes are readily oxidized and it potentially suits to facile ATRP. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Portable Piezospectroscopy System: Non-Contact In-Situ Stress Sensing Through High Resolution Photo-Luminescent Mapping

Through the piezospectroscopic effect, certain photo-luminescent materials, once excited with a laser, produce spectral emissions which are sensitive to the stress or strain that the material experiences. A system that utilizes the piezospectroscopic effect for non-contact stress detection over a material\u27s surface can capture important information on the evolution of mechanical response under various conditions. Therefore, the components necessary for piezospectroscopic mapping and analysis have now been integrated into a versatile and transportable system that can be used with photo-luminescent materials in any load frame or on a variety of structures. This system combines compact hardware components such as a portable laser source, fiber optics, spectrograph, charge-coupled device (CCD), and an X-Y-Z stage (with focusing capabilities) with a series of data analysis algorithms capable of analyzing and outputting high resolution photo-luminescent (PL) maps on-site. Through a proof of concept experiment using a compressed polycrystalline alumina sample with sharp machined corners, this system successfully captured high resolution PL maps with a step size of 28.86μm/pixel and located high stress concentrations in critical areas, which correlated closely with the results of a finite element model. This work represents an important step in advancing the portability of piezospectroscopy for in-situ and non-contact stress detection. The instrumentation developed here has strong implications for the future of non-destructive evaluation and non-invasive structural health monitoring

Changes of Ki-67 index in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix during the early course of radiotherapy and prediction of prognosis

WOS: 000183345700017PubMed ID: 12807242Purpose: To determine whether changes in the Ki-67 index during the early course of radiotherapy could predict the prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma-of the uterine cervix and be of value in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: Biopsy specimens from 23 cases of histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were stained with anti-Ki-67 monoclonal antibody prior to radiotherapy and after 9 Gy. The correlation between the Ki-67 index, local control and distant metastasis was determined by Spearman's correlation test. Results: Median age of the patients was 49. According to the FIGO staging system four patients had Stage IIA, 16 had Stage IIB, one had Stage IIIA and two had Stage IIIB disease. Among the whole group brachytherapy was applied to 17 patients (17/23) and weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m(2)) was applied to 15 patients (15/23). The mean Ki-67 index prior to radiotherapy and after 9 Gy for the entire group were 58.5% and 46.0%, respectively. The Ki-67 index after 9 Gy decreased in most of the patients (74%). During a median follow-up of 23 months four patients developed local recurrence and four patients developed distant metastasis. No significant correlation was detected among the local control and changes in Ki-67 index after 9 Gy, whereas there was a moderate correlation between distant metastasis and changes in Ki-67 index after 9 Gy (r = 0.51, p = 0.01). Conclusion: The Ki-67 index can be used safely as a proliferation marker in cervical carcinomas, and changes in the Ki-67 index during the early course of radiotherapy may predict the metastatic potential. However prospective studies including a large number of patients with long-term follow-up are necessary to confirm the clinical utility of this marker in cervical cancer