Neighborhood-Level Inequalities in Dental Care of Adolescents and Young Adults in Southwestern Ontario

We examined whether the association of neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) with the cost of dental care and dental care outcomes differs between adolescents and young adults. A total of 2915 patient records were split into two groups: adolescents (15 to 17 years of age) and young adults (18 to 24 years of age). Three dental care outcomes—routine oral evaluation (OEV-CH-A), utilization of preventive services (PRV-CH-A), and dental treatment services (TRT-CH-A)— were determined according to the Dental Quality Alliance (DQA) criteria. Associations of neighborhood SES and other sociodemographic variables with dental care outcomes and the cost of dental care were assessed using binary logistic and univariate linear regression models, respectively. Young adults had significantly lower PRV-CH-A and higher TRT-CH-A scores when compared to adolescents. We observed a significant negative association between TRT-CH-A and median household income in both adolescents and young adults. Utilization of dental treatment services was positively associated with the cost of care in both age groups, whereas utilization of preventive services was inversely associated with the cost of care in young adults, but not in adolescents. Neighborhood-level income was inversely associated with increased TRT-CH-A in both young adults and adolescents. In summary, young adults showed significantly worse preventive and treatment outcomes when compared to adolescents. Moreover, individuals from neighborhoods with a lower household income showed a significantly higher cost of dental care, yet worse treatment out-comes

Magnetic Treatment Of Salted Irrigation Water And Seeds: Its Effects On Vegetable Crop Yield And Nutrition Value Of Spinach (Spinacia Oleracea L)

Pot experiment was conducted in Qalin Center, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt under the natural conditions of greenhouse during the two growing winter seasons of 2020/21 and 2021/22. The experiment aims to evaluate the effect of two magneto-priming seed treatments (Un-magnetized seeds (U-MS) and magnetized seeds (MS), two magnetized water (Un-magnetized water (U-MW) and magnetized water (MW) under two levels of irrigation water salinity stresses (2500 and 5000 ppm) on seedling emergence, vegetative growth and productivity of spinach plants. The eight treatments laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Results show that sowing magnetized spinach seeds and irrigation pots with magnetized saline water (2500 or 5000 ppm) significantly out-performed sowing un-magnetized spinach seeds and irrigated with un-magnetized water for all tested vegetative growth parameters at the age of 15, 30, 45, and 55 days. Regarding magnetized seed treatment, the magnetized seed treatments significantly surpassed the untreated seed in all recorded leaves growth parameters (i.e., leaves numbers plant-1, leave length (cm), leave width (cm) and Leave Area (LA; cm2)), plant growth parameters (i.e., plant height (cm), plant fresh and dry weight in gram), root growth parameters (root length and width (cm), root fresh and dry weight in gram) and total chlorophyl (spam) at the age of 15, 30, 45, and 55 days. The percent of improvement, ranged from 2.95 to 20.92% in leaves growth parameters, 8.80-20.45% in plant growth, 13.21-17.18% in root growth and 4.40-4.82% in total chlorophyl in leaves. Similar positive effects were recorded under magnetized water compared to untreated water treatments. Where the positive effects, ranged from 3.17 to 39.96% in leaves growth parameters, 3.88-24.81% in plant growth, 27.77-66.01% in root growth and 1.95-6.48% in total chlorophyl in leaves at the age of 15, 30, 45, and 55 days. As well as both factors (magnetized seed or water) caused positive effects on nutrition value of  Spinach leaves. Results also show that, the magnetized treatments (seeds and water; T4) under 2500 or 5000 ppm salinity level significantly improved all the above-mentioned parameters compared to untreated treatment (T1) at 15, 30, 45 and 55 days. Under the conditions of this experiment, the results suggest applying irrigation with magnetized water and seeds can be recommended for reducing salinity stress which reflected in improvement productivity of spinach crops

Performance of Close Anode Cathodic Protection System Applied to a Plane Metallic Grid

In CP technique the negative shift in cathode potential determines the degree of protection against corrosion. This shift occurs by two mechanisms: the first is depression of cathode potential relative to electrolyte (Remote Anode Systems). The second is elevation of electrolyte potential in the vicinity of cathode relative to electrolyte (Close Anode Systems). These systems are considerably sensitive to anode position because of sharp changes in electrolyte potential with variation of anode location (proximity effect). Our work is to investigate the performance of CP system under conditions of variable anode position, applied to mild steel grid simulating steel reinforced concrete

Forecasting the Climate Change through the Distributions of Solar Radiation and Maximum Temperature

The climate change crisis is negatively affecting the world and is the focus of many researchers attention for its life-threatening economic and climate impact on Earth. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the joint distribution function (EFXY) of both daily solar radiation (S) and daily maximum temperature (T) along with the Markov property. In this study, three-parameter distributions have been utilized with S and T, which are generalized extreme value (GEV) and Weibull (W-3P), respectively. Each of these parameters and the joint distribution function ((, )) have been estimated. Four real data of S and T in Queensland, Australia during two consecutive years are applied. The method of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is applied on the proposed distributions of S and T to estimate their parameters, which was validated using Goodness-of-Fit tests. In addition, the logarithmic (LFXY) model and the multi-regression model (MFXY) for (, ) are obtained. The results have been compared and the EFXY and LFXY are found to be non-equivalently, while the EFXY and MFXY are equivalent and homogeneous, confirming the validity of the joint distribution function estimate with the least error. Thus, the climate change probabilities are more accurately predictable by knowing both X and Y or by knowing both () and () with minimal error