Impact of loss on the wave dynamics in photonic waveguide lattices

We analyze the impact of loss in lattices of coupled optical waveguides and find that in such case, the hopping between adjacent waveguides is necessarily complex. This results not only in a transition of the light spreading from ballistic to diffusive, but also in a new kind of diffraction that is caused by loss dispersion. We prove our theoretical results with experimental observations.Comment: Accepted for publication in PRL, 5+8 pages (Paper + Supplemental material), 4 figure

DeepBehavior: A Deep Learning Toolbox for Automated Analysis of Animal and Human Behavior Imaging Data

Detailed behavioral analysis is key to understanding the brain-behavior relationship. Here, we present deep learning-based methods for analysis of behavior imaging data in mice and humans. Specifically, we use three different convolutional neural network architectures and five different behavior tasks in mice and humans and provide detailed instructions for rapid implementation of these methods for the neuroscience community. We provide examples of three dimensional (3D) kinematic analysis in the food pellet reaching task in mice, three-chamber test in mice, social interaction test in freely moving mice with simultaneous miniscope calcium imaging, and 3D kinematic analysis of two upper extremity movements in humans (reaching and alternating pronation/supination). We demonstrate that the transfer learning approach accelerates the training of the network when using images from these types of behavior video recordings. We also provide code for post-processing of the data after initial analysis with deep learning. Our methods expand the repertoire of available tools using deep learning for behavior analysis by providing detailed instructions on implementation, applications in several behavior tests, and post-processing methods and annotated code for detailed behavior analysis. Moreover, our methods in human motor behavior can be used in the clinic to assess motor function during recovery after an injury such as stroke

Bell's Theorem and Chemical Potential

Chemical potential is a property which involves the effect of interaction between the components of a system, and it results from the whole system. In this paper, we argue that for two particles which have interacted via their spins and are now spatially separated, the so-called Bell's locality condition implies that the chemical potential of each particle is an individual property. Here is a point where quantum statistical mechanics and the local hidden variable theories are in conflict. Based on two distinct concepts of chemical potential, the two theories predict two different patterns for the energy levels of a system of two entangled particles. In this manner, we show how one can distinguish the non-separable features of a two-particle system.Comment: 11 pages,1 figure, To appear in J. Phy. A: Math. Gen., Special Issue: Foundations of Quantum Theor

Copper adsorption from aqueous solution by activated carbon of wax beans waste activated by magnetite nanoparticles

Copper, a heavy metal, causes environmental pollution through a variety of industrial processes in many countries. Adsorption is known as an effective and efficient way of removing heavy metals. The present study was conducted mainly to magnetize the carbon in wax bean waste with magnetite nanoparticles and use it as adsorbent to remove copper from aqueous solution. Carbon was obtained from wax beans waste and activated with magnetite nanoparticles. The characteristics of obtaining adsorbent were studied and analyzed by FE-SEM, BET, and FT-IR. In this study, the effect of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and copper concentration on the efficiency of copper removal was investigated per full factorial design by the Design Expert Software. The concentration of copper was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Varian AA240). For statistical analysis of the experiment’s data, ANOVA and P-value were used. Copper initial concentration 100 mg/L, adsorbent dose 1 g/L, pH 7 and contact time 40 min were obtained as optimal conditions for copper removal. Investigation of the isotherms indicated that the experimental data of the process were correlated with Langmuir Model. The maximum capacity of copper adsorption of Langmuir Model was 49.75 mg/g. Findings indicated that at optimal conditions, the amount of copper adsorbed from synthetic wastewater and real wastewater was 99.73% and 63%, respectively. Therefore, this method is capable of removing copper effectively and could be used to remove this metal from industrial wastewaters. © 2018 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved

Correlation between hyponatremia and high risk clinical and echocardiographic features in patients with acute heat failure

Background and purpose: Heart failure (HF) is characterized by decreased ability of the heart to provide sufficient blood flow or fill with the blood. Hyponatremia is the most commonly seen electrolyte abnormality in patients with heart failure that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between hyponatremia and high risk clinical and echocardiographic features in patients with acute HF. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was performed in 271 patients with acute systolic heart failure admitted to Sari Fatemeh Zahra hospital, 2018-2019. Patients were divided into two groups: hyponatremic and normonatremic groups. Vital signs, echocardiographic variables, body mass index (BMI), and common cardiovascular risk factors were compared between the two groups using SPSS V18. Results: This study included 130 males (48) and 141 females (52) and the patients� mean age was 69.90±14.02 years. Patients with hyponatremia had lower BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels and higher platelet counts compared to other group (P =0.01, 0.002, 0.005, and 0.047, respectively). Also, these patients, were found with higher frequency of moderate to severe functional mitral regurgitation (P= 0.076). Linear regression analysis showed hyponatremia as an independent predictor of hypotension and hemodynamic instability in patients with hyponatremia. Conclusion: This study showed that patients with acute HF and hyponatremia are at higher risk of developing hypotension, cachexia, and increased platelet counts which put them at greater risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. © 2020, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved