25 research outputs found
Analiza zawarto艣ci flawonoid贸w w lucernie
Flavonoid glycosides constitute important group of plant secondary metabolites. This class of natural products play significant role in different physiological processes. Liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the flavonoid profiles and their concentration in aerial parts of three alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars. It was shown that flavonoids of alfalfa are glycosides of four flavone aglycones: apigenin, luteolin, tricin and chrysoeriol. Ali flavonoid glycosides possesed glucuronid acid in sugar chain. Some of them were acylated with ferulic, coumaric or sinapic acids. It was shown that dominant flavonoids of alfalfa were the flavones: tricin and apigenin glycosides (65-72 % of total). The concentration of luteolin and chrysoeriol glycosides did not exceed 30 % of the total. The dominant flavonoid in Radius and Sapko cultivars was glucoside of tricin, in Sitel cultivar glycoside of apigenin. Thus, tricin and apigenin glycosides were the major flavones found in alfalfa aerial parts.Wobec doniesie艅 literaturowych ukazuj膮cych r贸偶ne aspekty interakcji ro艣lina-owad celowe wydaje si臋 poszukiwanie ro艣linnych substancji chemicznych bior膮cych udzia艂 w obronie ro艣lin przed negatywnym wp艂ywem biotycznych czynnik贸w 艣rodowiskowych. Przyk艂adowo, flawonoidy oddzia艂uj膮 jako deterenty pokarmowe, inhibitory trawienia, a tak偶e bezpo艣rednie toksykanty w stosunku do owad贸w. Lucerna z uwagi na bogactwo struktur flawon贸w jest dobrym modelem do prowadzenia prac zwi膮zanych z tym zagadnieniem. Wiedza na temat wyst臋powania flawonoid贸w w lucernie siewnej, b臋d膮cej jedn膮 z g艂贸wnych ro艣lin pastewnych, nie jest pe艂na, dlatego celem przeprowadzonych bada艅 by艂o zidentyfikowanie i por贸wnanie zawarto艣ci flawonoid贸w w powszechnie u偶ytkowanych odmianach lucerny siewnej (Medicago saliva L.). Badaniom poddano trzy odmiany lucerny: Radius, Sapko i Sitel. Ekstarkcj臋 flawonoid贸w przeprowadzono z 6-miesi臋cznych ro艣lin za pomoc膮 metanolu. Rozdzia艂 i identyfikacj臋 flawonoid贸w wykonano metod膮 wysokosprawnej chromatografii cieczowej (HPLC) sprz臋偶onej ze spektrometri膮 mas. Stwierdzono, 偶e flawonoidy badanych odmian lucerny to glikozydy czterech aglikon贸w flawon贸w: apigeniny, luteoliny, trycyny i chryzoeriolu. W 艂a艅cuchu cukrowym wszystkich glikozyd贸w wyst臋powa艂 kwas glukuronowy, a niekt贸re z nich by艂y acylowane kwasem ferulowym, kumarowym b膮d藕 synapinowym. Wykazano, 偶e dominuj膮cymi zwi膮zkami by艂y pochodne trycyny i apigeniny. 艁膮czna zawarto艣膰 glikozyd贸w apigeniny i trycyny waha艂a si臋 w granicach 65 do 72 % sumy flawon贸w badanych lucern. Zawarto艣膰 glikozyd贸w luteoliny i chryzoeriolu nie przekracza艂a 30 % sumy flawon贸w. Dla odmian Radius i Sapko zwi膮zkiem dominuj膮cym by艂 glikozyd trycyny, kt贸rego maksymalne st臋偶enie (2.49 mg/ g s.m.) odnotowano w tkankach odmiany Radius. W przypadku odmiany Sitel w najwi臋kszych ilo艣ciach wyst臋powa艂 glikozyd apigeniny (1.31 mg/ g s.m.)
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Climate and atmospheric change impacts on sap-feeding herbivores: a mechanistic explanation based on functional groups of primary metabolites
Global climate and atmospheric change are widely predicted to affect many ecosystems. Herbivorous insects account for 25% of the planet's species so their responses to environmental change are pivotal to how future ecosystems will function. Atmospheric change affects feeding guilds differently, however, with sap-feeding herbivores consistently identified as net beneficiaries of predicted increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2). The mechanistic basis for these effects remains largely unknown, and our understanding about how multiple environmental changes, acting in tandem, shape plant鈥搃nsect interactions is incomplete.
This study investigated how increases in temperature (eT) and eCO2 affected the performance of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) via changes in amino acid concentrations in the model legume, lucerne (Medicago sativa).
Aphid performance increased under eCO2 at ambient temperatures, whereby aphid fecundity, longevity, colonization success and rm increased by 42%, 30%, 25% and 21%, respectively. eT negated the positive effects of eCO2 on both fecundity and rm, however, and performance was similar to when aphids were reared at ambient CO2.
We identified discrete functional groups of amino acids that underpinned the effects of climate and atmospheric change, in addition to plant genotype, on aphid performance. Effects of eT and eCO2 held true across five M. sativa genotypes, demonstrating the generality of their effects.
Combining this knowledge with amino acid profiles of existing cultivars raises the possibility of predicting future susceptibility to aphids and preventing outbreaks of a global pest. Moreover, environmentally induced changes in the nutritional ecology of aphids have the capacity to change life-history strategies of aphids and their direct and indirect interactions with many other organisms, including mutualists and antagonists