The comparative study of body mass index distribution among preschool children in a 7 years periods in north of Iran

The main objective of this study is the comparison of Body Mass Index distribution among preschool children between 1997 and 2004. Using cluster and simple sampling chose 20 villages and 20 persons completed the questionnaires and measured their weight and height. The sample size was 3154 (stage 1 = 1585 cases and stage 2 = 1569 cases). Data of two stages was added to the file and was analyzed by spss.win soft-war. NCHS standard was used for comparison. The BMI percentiles by NCHS standard were used to classify subjects as follows: under weight, <5th BMI percentiles; healthy weight, 5th-84th BMI percentiles; overweight, 85th-94th BMI percentiles; or obese, 95th = BMI percentiles. Gorgan a capital city and located in north of Iran and south east of Caspian Sea. In spite of boy's weight increased about 0.1 kg, but height increased about 3.4 cm in second stage and t-test is significant between two stage by height (p<0.001). Girl's weight didn't have any change, but height increased about 2.7 cm. t-test is significant between two stages by height (p<0.001). The prevalence of obesity and overweight declined 17.36 and 4.7% respectively after 7 years. There is a statistical significant between two stages by obesity index (p<0.05). The most outstanding results of this study is unvarying of weight and dramatically improving of height. The prevalence of obesity and overweight significantly declined after 7 years. Some health strategy that carried out by health managers in this area can caused this situation. Other studies are necessary for following the physical growth pattern in future. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information

Comparative Advantage in Indian Economy: 1990-2014

The most countries try to improve their advantage towards goods with high range of demand and sustainable trade such as industrial goods and merchandise. India embarked on the path of globalization in the early 1990s with the objective to attain a higher growth profile. This question can be brought up in which goods India has have comparative adventage. The aim of this study is to analyze comparative advantages of Indian's exports commodities during of post liberalsation in 1990-2014. The well-known index for determining trade advantage is revealed comparative advantage (RCA) by Balasa. The findings by India’s RCA in exports showed India has gained comparative advantage in a number of agriculture sector such as Food items, Textiles, Leather and other Manufactures.&nbsp; &nbsp

The Impact of Structural Changes in the Indian Manufacturing Industries: 1980-2013

With regard to the importance of the manufacturing, industrial sector for economic growth and its priority for motivating other sectors to development, the paper is aimed to study the structural changes condition in the Indian manufacturing industries. The changing in value-added of industrial activities due to industrial and economic policies is an important indicator for the recognition of manufacturing industries structure. We have analyzed the industrial structure and competitiveness of each industrial activity by using data value-added of manufacturing industries and common indexes such as the structural changes index in the period of 1980-2013. The results of structural index analysis showed that of textile products; leather; basic chemicals and chemical products in the periods of 1980-98&nbsp; and also in the periods after 2000industries wearing apparel; dressing and dyeing of fur tanning and dressing of leather ; wood and products of wood; motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers; recycling; other transport equipment have been the industrial activities that their structural changes indexes has been positive and they have had the highest competitiveness in comparison to other industrial activities and the greatest opportunities to create value-added.&nbsp

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and its co-infection with hepatitis D virus and hepatitis C virus in Iranian adult population

Context: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most prevalent public health problems worldwide (especially in developing countries). Aims: This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and its co-infection with hepatitis D (HDV) and C (HCV) viruses in the northeastern part of Iran. Setting and Design: A population-based cross-sectional study in Iran. Materials and Methods: As many as 1,850 subjects were explored for HBsAg. Anti-HDV and anti-HCV antibodies were assessed in HBsAg-positive cases. Statistical Analysis Used: Proportions were compared by Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: The mean age of subjects was 43.86 ± 11.2 years. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence for HBsAg positivity was 9.7%. It was higher in males than in females (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.9-1.7). The risk of infection in singles was significantly higher than in married cases (OR: 2.13). Eight (5.8%) of HBsAg-positive cases were infected with HDV, and 17 (12.3%) were positive for anti-HCV antibody. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the prevalence of HBsAg seropositivity in Golestan province of Iran is higher than the levels reported by WHO and previous studies from Iran. It is very important, especially for health providers and policy makers, to recognize the risk factors of HBV infection and its co-infection with HDV and HCV in this area and design effective preventive programs

Carotid artery thrombosis and cerebral infarction after multiple traumas

Carotid artery thrombosis and concomitant brain infarction after blunt trauma are rare conditions. We report a 34-year-old woman with multiple traumas due to pedestrian car accident. At the time of initial visiting, she was somnolent and her Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score was 14. Initial vital signs (V/S) and brain computed tomography (CT) scan were normal. One day after admission to the emergency observation unit, GCS improved to 15 but right-sided hemiparesis occurred. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed brain infarction and Doppler sonography indicated internal carotid artery thrombosis. She was admitted in the Neurosurgery ward and underwent anticoagulant therapy. With appropriate treatment, the patient’s condition improved after 5 days of admission and she was discharged on oral warfarin treatment and close follow up. Although there is no ideal treatment for traumatic internal carotid artery thrombosis, it seems that in most cases anticoagulation therapy is the preferred method of treatment but in some patients surgical or endovascular revascularization is indicated. Keywords: Trauma, Brain, Infarction, Accident

Suppression of axial-torsional vibrations in drilling system described by neutral-type delay differential equations

Vibrations in deep drilling systems lead to efficiency deterioration and may even cause the system failure. In this paper, a controller is designed aiming at mitigation of these vibrations, which is based on a neutral-type time delay model that represents distributed axial and torsional dynamics. First, the stability of the associated linearized dynamics is analyzed using a spectral approach. Furthermore, the open-loop system is shown to be stabilizable by state feedback which supports subsequent controller design. An optimization-based continuous pole placement technique has been employed to design a stabilizing controller, which mitigates steady-state drill-string vibrations. The effectiveness of the controller is shown in a representative case study

Suppression of axial-torsional vibrations in drilling system described by neutral-type delay differential equations

Vibrations in deep drilling systems lead to efficiency deterioration and may even cause the system failure. In this paper, a controller is designed aiming at mitigation of these vibrations, which is based on a neutral-type time delay model that represents distributed axial and torsional dynamics. First, the stability of the associated linearized dynamics is analyzed using a spectral approach. Furthermore, the open-loop system is shown to be stabilizable by state feedback which supports subsequent controller design. An optimization-based continuous pole placement technique has been employed to design a stabilizing controller, which mitigates steady-state drill-string vibrations. The effectiveness of the controller is shown in a representative case study

Associations between Potential Inflammatory Properties of the Diet and Frequency, Duration, and Severity of Migraine Headaches: A Cross-Sectional Study

Despite a large body of literature on the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and various chronic diseases, limited knowledge is available regarding the association between DII and migraine. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between the DII and migraine characteristics, including duration, frequency, and severity of migraine headaches, Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), and serum levels of nitric oxide (NO). This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2019 to June 2020 among 262 patients (38 men and 224 women; 20-50 years). A 168-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was gathered to evaluate dietary intake, and subsequently, an energy-adjusted DII score was calculated. After controlling for potential confounders, an increase of 3.48 in headache frequency was observed when the DII score increased from - 4.04 to - 1.83 (β = 3.48; 95% CI 1.43, 5.54). In the crude model, headache duration tended to be inversely associated with DII in the subjects with the pro-inflammatory diet compared to those with the anti-inflammatory diet (β = - 0.22; 95% CI - 0.46, 0.02). After adjustment for confounders, those with the highest DII values were at a higher risk of severe headaches than those with the lowest values (OR = 2.25; 95% CI 1.17, 4.32). No other significant results were found in terms of the association between DII and HIT-6 or serum NO levels. We found evidence suggesting that higher adherence to a diet with anti-inflammatory properties was significantly and inversely related to headache frequency. Furthermore, our results suggest that the DII score is substantially related to migraine severity