Economic burden of antibiotic resistance: how much do we really know?

AbstractThe declining effectiveness of antibiotics imposes potentially large health and economic burdens on societies. Quantifying the economic outcomes of antibiotic resistance effectively can help policy-makers and healthcare professionals to set priorities, but determining the actual effect of antibiotic resistance on clinical outcomes is a necessary first step. In this article, we review and discuss the contributions and limitations of studies that estimate the disease burden attributable to antibiotic resistance and studies that estimate the economic burden of resistance. We also consider other factors that are important in a comprehensive approach to evaluating the economic burden of antibiotic resistance

Anomalous metamagnetic-like transition in a FeRh/Fe3_3Pt interface occurring at T120 K in the field-cooled-cooling curves for low magnetic fields

We report on the magnetic properties of a special configuration of a FeRh thin film. An anomalous behavior on the magnetisation vs. temperature was observed when low magnetic fields are applied in the plane of a thin layer of FeRh deposited on ordered Fe$_3$Pt. The anomalous effect resembles a metamagnetic transition and occur only in the field-cooled-cooling magnetisation curve at temperatures near 120 K in samples without any heat treatment.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1008.195

Classifying antibiotics in the WHO Essential Medicines List for optimal use—be AWaRe

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Esr In A Heavy-fermion Alloy (ube13) Doped With Local Moments

We have determined the ESR properties of UBe13 doped with dilute local moments of Er, Dy, or Gd over the temperature region where there is a large variation in the enhanced specific heat. We find that neither the enhancement, the temperature variation, nor any other anomalous behavior appears to be mirrored in the ESR data. We suggest that this unexpected result must be incorporated into current models of heavy-fermion systems. © 1985 The American Physical Society.55242719272

Magnetic And Magnetocaloric Properties On The U1-y Ry Ga2 (r=er And Dy) Compound

The magnetic, calorimetric, and magnetocaloric properties of the pseudobinary U1-y Ry Ga2 (R=Er and Dy) series were studied to determine its potential as a candidate for use in cryogenic magnetic refrigeration. The partial substitution of Dy and Er for U provides a wide range of the ordering temperature and increases the saturation magnetic moment. The results for U1-y Dyy Ga2 with 0.6<y<0.9 show evidences of a spin-glass-like (SG) behavior, possibly as a consequence of competing anisotropy and exchange interactions within a frustrated hexagonal spin lattice. The isothermal magnetic entropy change (Δ Smag) observed for U Ga2 shows a well defined peak centered on TC, which is gradually broadened and shifted to lower temperatures as the Er and Dy content increases. For low concentrations (0.2≤y≤0.4) a tablelike profile is observed in the Δ Smag curve. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.1037Gschneidner Jr., K.A., Pecharsky, V.K., Tsokol, A.O., (2005) Radiat. Prot. Dosim., 68, p. 1479Bruck, E., (2005) J. Phys. D, 38, p. 381Yu, B.F., Gao, Q., Zhang, B., Meng, X.Z., Chen, Z., (2003) Int. J. Refrig., 26, p. 622Gschneidner Jr., K.A., Pecharsky, A.O., Pecharsky, V.K., (2001), 11, p. 433. , Cryoolers (Academic-Plenum, New York), Vol.,Smaili, A., Chahine, R., (1996) Adv. Cryog. Eng., 42, p. 445Hashimoto, T., Kuzuhura, T., Sahashi, M., Inomata, K., Tomokiyo, A., Yayama, H., (1987) J. Appl. Phys., 62, p. 3873Lima, A.L., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., Pecharsky, V.K., Pecharsky, A.O., (2003) Phys. Rev. B, 68, p. 134409De Oliveira, N.A., Von Ranke, P.J., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 264, p. 55Tsai, T.H., Sellmyer, D.J., (1979) Phys. Rev. B, 20, p. 4577Doukouŕ, M., Gignoux, D., (1982) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 30, p. 111Gignoux, D., Schimitt, D., Takeuchi, A., Zhang, F.Y., (1991) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 97, p. 15Andreev, A.V., Belov, K.P., Deryagin, A.V., Levitin, R.Z., Menovsky, M., (1979) J. Phys. Colloq., 4, p. 82Mydosh, J.A., (1993), Spin Glasses: An Experimental Introduction (Taylor&Francis, London)Markin, P.E., Baranov, N.V., Sinitsyn, E.V., (1991) Physica B, 168, p. 19