Effects of Intermittent IL-2 Alone or with Peri-Cycle Antiretroviral Therapy in Early HIV Infection: The STALWART Study

The Study of Aldesleukin with and without antiretroviral therapy (STALWART) evaluated whether intermittent interleukin-2 (IL-2) alone or with antiretroviral therapy (ART) around IL-2 cycles increased CD4+ counts compared to no therapy

What is Bildung? Or: Why Pädagogik cannot get away from the concept of Bildung

Pädagogik, or the German-language education sciences, traditionally sees Bildung as one of its “fundamental principles”. These are the basic notions that are fundamental for the theoretical underpinning of a discipline and can be said to belong exclusively to that discipline. Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841) is usually viewed of as having developed the concept of fundamental principles. In Allgemeine Pädagogik, published in 1806, Herbart’s starting point was that Pädagogik had to formulate “its own concepts,” if it was to position itself as an independent academic discipline (Herbart, 1806, p. 8)