Induced Systemic Resistance in Tomato Plants against Meloidogyne spp by Seed Treatment with Beta, Amino Butyric Acid and Benzothiadiazol

Treatments of tomato seeds with BABA or BTH significantly (p=0.05) reduced nematode infestation of tomato plants. BABA treatment produced significantly the lowest average root gall index (RGI), 2.44 followed by BTH, 3.22 and 3.55 for the untreated nematode infested control plants 15 days after nematode inoculation(ANI).Treatments with BABA and BTH for 30, 60 and 120 min. also caused significantly (p=0.05) less nematode infestation compared with the untreated control plants. BABA caused significantly the lowest average RGI, 1.77 compared with 3.66 and 4.55 for BTH and control respectively. The 120 min  BABA treatment recorded significantly the lowest average number or J2 in the roots of tomato plants compared with 75.55 and 116.66 J2 in the roots BTH and control plants respectively. When seeds were socked for 120 min, root average fresh weight (RFW) and root dry weight (RDW) were significantly less, 2.58 and 0.14g in BTH treatments of seeds compared with 1.86, 0.10g for BABA and 5.01 and 0.29g for control respectively 50 days ANI. When seeds were socked for 120 min, the highest average SFW and SDW were, 8.05, 0.68g in BABA treatments, followed by 3.29, 0.22 and 2.43, 0.12g in BTH and control treatments respectively. The highest average SFW and SFW were also recorded for BABA treatments, 2.43, 0.12g followed by 1.5, 0,093 and 1.59, 0.092g in BTH and control respectively 15 days ANI. Similarly, BABA caused the highest average shoot weights 30 and 50 days ANI followed by BTH and control treatments. Keywords: Induced  resistance, Meloidogyne spp, ?,amino butyric acid, Benzothaiadiazole, Seed treatment, Tomato

Analisis Ketergantungan Fiskal Pemerintah Daerah di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan pada Era Otonomi Daerah

This study aims to determine the level of fiscal dependence of the South Sulawesi Provincial Government by measure the performance / financial capacity of local governments using the degree of Fiscal Decentralization readiness and local governments in financial management, if fully funded by local government revenue and the local revenue sharing funds. Data in the form of research reports Local Government Finance Statistics and the population of South Sulawesi province in 2001-2008. While the analysis method used was descriptive statistics. The results showed that the performance / financial capability of South Sulawesi Provincial Government is still low when measured by the degree of Fiscal Decentralization Indicator, as well as readiness of local government in the face of regional autonomy, especially in finance, as measured by how far the ability of affairs when the financing is fully funded by local government revenue and revenue sharing funds is still low. This illustrates the level of Government Fiscal dependence in this area is still high

The differential effects of high-fat and high- -fructose diets on the liver of male albino rat and the proposed underlying mechanisms

Background: The Western-style diet is characterised by the high intake of energy- -dense foods. Consumption of either high-fructose diet or saturated fat resulted in the development of metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Many researchers studied the effect of high-fat diet (HFD), high-fructose diet (HFruD) and high-fructose high-fat diet (HFHF) on the liver. The missing data are the comparison effect of these groups i.e. are effects of the HFHF diet on the liver more pronounced? So, this study was designed to compare the metabolic and histopathological effect of the HFD, HFruD, and HFHF on the liver. The proposed underlying mechanisms involved in these changes were also studied.  Materials and methods: Twenty four rats were divided into four groups: con- trol, HFD, HFruD, and HFHF. Food was offered for 6 weeks. Biochemical, light microscopic, immunohistochemical (Inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] and alpha-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]), real-time polymerase chain reaction (gene expression of TNF-α, interleukin-6, Bax, BCL-2, and caspase 3), histomorphometric analysis and oxidative/antioxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], malondialdehyde [MDA]/glutathione [GSH] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) were done.  Results: The HFD, HFruD and HFHF groups developed a cluster of liver disorders; steatosis, necrosis, inflammation, apoptosis, ballooning degeneration and cytopla- smic vacuolations. Internal metabolic impairments include elevated serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and decreased serum levels of high density lipoprotein and albumin. The immunoreaction of the α-SMA and iNOS was strong in these groups. The oxidant markers (MDA and TBARS) were elevated, while the antioxidant markers (SOD and GSH) were decreased. The area per cent of collagen, inflammatory markers, caspase 3 and Bax were elevated, while the BCL-2/Bax ratio was decreased. The decrease in PAS, antioxidant markers and the elevation of the α-SMA, iNOS, inflammatory and oxidant markers were obvious in the HFHF when compared to that of the other groups.  Conclusions: High-fat diet, HFruD, and HFHF developed morphologic hepatic changes ranging from steatosis to necrosis and inflammation, besides the deve- lopment of internal metabolic impairments. The chief factors of hepatic injury were fat accumulation in the hepatocytes, oxidative stress and highly elevated iNOS. Compared to the other groups, HFHF’s effect was more prominent.

Expression of CD80 and CD86 on T lymphocytes and monocytes of asthmatic children

Background: For T lymphocytes to get optimally activated, they need costimulatory signals that can be provided efficiently by costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86Objective: This study was done to assess the expression of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on T lymphocytes and monocytes of asthmatic children. The effect of clinical grading of asthma and intake of inhaled steroids on the level of their expression was assessed.Methods: The study included 44 asthmatics (12 with acute asthma and 32 in between attacks) and 12 controls. The asthmatic children were classified according to clinical severity into mild (15 cases), moderate (9 cases) and severe (8 cases). Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the expression of CD80 and CD86 on blood T lymphocytes and monocytesResults: The percentage of expression of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on T lymphocytes and monocytes were statistically higher in asthmatic children whether in acute or in between attacks compared to the control group (p<0.05). This up regulation suggests their critical role in pathogenesis of bronchial allergic inflammation in asthma. The percentage of expression of CD80 and CD86 on monocytes were significantly higher in asthmatics during their acute exacerbations compared to those in between attacks (p<0.05). Comparing the clinical subgroups of asthma, there was no statistically significant difference between mild and moderate asthmatics as regards level of co-expression (p > 0.05); however the difference was statistically significant between mild and severe cases (p <0.05).  Asthmatics on inhaled steroids showed significant lower percentage of CD80 and CD86 expression on T lymphocytes and monocytes.Conclusion: The enhanced expression of both CD80 and CD86 on antigenpresenting cells and T lymphocytes in bronchial asthma is probably  involved in the establishment and maintenance of chronic inflammation of the airways.Key words: Asthma, T lymphocytes, Costimulation, CD80 and CD86

Visual symptoms and control of the Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

Abd Rabou AN, Radwan ES. 2017. Visual symptoms and control of the Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 322-329. The Red Palm Weevil –RPW (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has recently become one of the most destructive pests of Date Palms in the Gaza Strip and the Middle East. It is a serious pest threatening the Date Palm health and production, with the larva is the most destructive stage. The current study aims at introducing the visual symptoms and control techniques of the RPW in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Field surveys and institutional visits were applied to fulfill the purpose of the study. The current study documented that first local infestation of Date Palm trees with the RPW was discovered in late 2011. The introduction of infected offshoots from Egypt through earth tunnel trade and the ability of the adult RPW to fly long distance and cross borders seem to be main causes of the local infestations with the pest. Different control techniques have been adopted by the responsible parties to combat the RPW; with the integrated pest management (IPM) program was tracked and respected. Finally, the study recommends the cooperation of different parties and authorities to adopt appropriate policies to eliminate the RPW and to support farmers with the necessary pesticides and equipment to control this painful pest

N-acetylcysteine versus progesterone on the cisplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity

Background: Cisplatin-induced peripheral nerve neurotoxicity (CIPN) is the main obstacle in cisplatin treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the modulatory effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and progesterone on CIPN, because there are scarce literature data on the protective effect of the proge­sterone on the CIPN. Materials and methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control, cisplatin-treated, concomitant cisplatin-treated and NAC-treated, and concomitant cisplatin-treated and progesterone-treated. Electron microscopic, immunohistochemical, real time polymerase chain reaction and histomorphome­tric analysis; oxidative/antioxidative markers (MDA/GSH and SOD), neurotoxic/ neuroprotective markers (iNOS/nNOS), inflammatory mediators (TNF-a and NF-kB) and BAX were done. Results: The myelin sheath in the cisplatin-treated group elucidated infolding. The myelin was disfigured, degenerated, and extensively split with areas of focal loss. The axoplasm was atrophic. Ballooning and vacuolations of the mitochon­dria with alterations of Remak bundles structures were observed. Fewer of these changes were noted in the NAC and progesterone-treated groups. Decrease of the antioxidant SOD and GSH (81% and 64%) and increase of the oxidant MDA (9 folds), increment of the neurotoxic iNOS (1.9 folds) and decrement of the neuroprotective nNOS (64%) and elevation of the inflammatory mediators’ TNF-a and NF-kB (8.3 and 11 folds) in the cisplatin-treated group. Increase of the antioxidant SOD (1.3 and 2.5 folds) and GSH (120% and 79%) and decrease of the oxidant MDA (69% and 88%), decrement of the neurotoxic iNOS (56% and 68%) and increment of the neuroprotective nNOS (1.6 and one folds) and elevation of the inflammatory mediators’ TNF-a and NF-kB were observed in the NAC and progesterone-treated groups, respectively. Conclusions: The toxic effect of CIPN might be attributed to either oxidative or severe inflammatory stress. Progesterone is efficient in ameliorating these effects; however, NAC is better. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 234–245

Performance Improvement of the Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Using Different Types of Fluids with Numerical Simulation

المركزات الشمسية وسيلة مهمة لأستخدام طاقة الشمس. هنالك عدة انواع من المركزات الشمسية. في العمل الحالي محاولة تجريبية لتحسين الاداء الحراري للجامع الشمسي ذو القطع المكافىء بأستخدام ثلاثة موائع مختلفة (ماء، ماء مقطر مع جزيئات اوكسيد النحاس النانوية، ماء مقطر مع جزيئات الالومينا النانوية) مع نسبة تركيز 0.01 %، وسرعة جريان 20 لتر/ساعة، وبدون استخدام نظام التتبع مع محاكاة رقمية. الاختبار التجريبي تم في مدينة بغداد في قسم الهندسة الكهروميكانيكية في الجامعة التكنولوجية خلال ايام شهر تشرين الاول 2017 خلال وقت النهار (9 صباحا - 15 مساءا). النتائج المحسوبة للموائع الثلاثة كما يلي: - استخدام (CuO + ماء مقطر) يزيد معدل درجات الحرارة الخارجة بنسبة 10.4% ومعدل المكاسب الحرارية زاد بنسبة 11% ومعدل الكفاءات زاد بنسبة 15.5%. - استخدام (  + ماء مقطر ) يزيد معدل درجات الحرارة الخارجة بنسبة  4% ومعدل المكاسب الحرارية زاد بنسبة 6.5 % ومعدل الكفاءات زاد بنسبة 8.2%. هذه النتائج تبين ذلك، استخدام المائع (ماء مقطر + CuO) يعطي أفضل اداء بالمقارنة مع المائعين الاخرين المستخدمين في هذا العمل.Solar concentrators are an important facility to utilize the solar energy. There are many kinds of solar concentrators. In this work  an experimental has been implemented to improve the thermal performance of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector (PTSC) using three different fluids as a working fluid (water, nanoparticles of  CuO  mixed with distilled water nanoparticles of   mixed with  distilled water) with concentration ratio 0.01% and mass flow rate 20Lt/hr without tracking system. The experimental tests have been carried out in electro-mechanical engineering department at university of technology in Baghdad city during October 2017 and daytime between (9am -15pm) hours. The obtained results for three different fluids are as follows:  - Using (CuO + distilled water) as a working fluid increases the average of the output temperatures by 10.4%,  the average of useful heat gains   increases  by 11%  and the average of the collector efficiencies increases by15%.    - Using ( +distilled water) as a working fluid increased the average of output temperatures by 4%, the average of useful heat gains is increased by 6.5% and the average of collector efficiencies is increased by 8.2%. &nbsp

Pengukuran Penerimaan Aplikasi Sicyca Menggunakan Metode Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (Utaut)

SICYCA is the main website as media appreciation STIKOM Surabaya, the fact that not all SICYCA are used with maximum facilities by students. To know the success rate of a technology implementation, how high the student acceptance rate of SICYCA. The model used by researchers is the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology ( UTAUT ). The instrument in this study was used questioner. The writer spread the questioner to students in STIKOM Surabaya in academic year 2010-2013 in every major at STIKOM Surabaya. The writer used 200 students as the sample in this study. The research design was used Stratified Random Sampling method which was focused on separated the elements group of words in STIKOM Surabaya. Descriptive analysis, validity analysis, and reliability was used SPSS 16 software. Data analysis was used Structural Equation Model (SEM) and use AMOS 22 software to analysis the structural. From the results of the data analysis, it can be concluded as follows: 1) performance expectancy has an positive effect to intentions of using SICYCA. 2) effort expectancy has an positive effect to the intentions of using the SICYCA. 3) social influence do not positive effect significantly to the intention of using the SICYCA. 4) facilitating conditions do not have an positive effect to the SICYCA utilizing. 5) behavioral intention has an positive effect to the use of behavioral SICYCA