14 research outputs found
Study on the performance enhancement of biomedical implants: in vitro test under UV irradiation of titanium anodised in mixed electrolyte
Titanium (Ti) recently has widely been used in the biomedical applications due to its
high performance. Therefore, surface modifications of titanium have attracted a lot of
interest to provide better osseointegration. Ti was subjected to anodic oxidation
process and in vitro testing to assess the bioactivity of titanium oxide (TiO2) coating.
TiO2 coating has been anodised at room temperature in different electrolyte; in
sulphuric acid (H2SO4); phosphoric acid (H3PO4); and a mixture of H2SO4 and H3PO4
acids. The parameters used in anodization were: concentration of the electrolytes,
applied voltage and current density. The coated surface is then evaluated using
different testing techniques; the microstructure using scanning electron microscope
(SEM); the elemental analysis using Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX);
mineralogical and crystal structure using x-ray diffraction (XRD); absorption analysis
using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR); and the hydrophilicity using
water contact angle (WCA). TiO2 was then subjected in vitro testing to assess the
bioactivity of TiO2 surface; that is the apatite formation ability. The apatite formation
of the TiO2 coating was precipitated by using simulated body fluid (SBF) in the dark
and under the ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to mimic the reactions that may occur with
the human bone-like cells layer. The testing was done to evaluate the apatite’s
microstructure, mineralogy, elements and absorption. From the results it was found
that higher apatite was obtained with the increased of the immersion time; higher
apatite formation and crystallization was found at earlier time of immersion for the
TiO2 that was immersed in SBF under the UV; higher apatite was obtained on the TiO2
coatings that were anodised in H2SO4, H3PO4 and mixture electrolyte at lower
electrolyte concentration. The increased apatite on these coatings can be related to the
strong Ti-O- functional groups on the coating surface. The highest apatite was obtained
on the TiO2 coating that was anodised in a mixture electrolyte that has obtained Ti-OH
functional group. The UV has resulted in the increased Ti-O- and Ti-OH groups, thus
higher apatite precipitation ability
Analysis of mechanical properties and microstructure of multiple die cavity products produced in vertical and horizontal arrangement by gravity die casting
Multiple cavities die casting
(Permanent die casting
)in vertical arrangement and
horizontal arrangement moulds are widely used in industry. However, manufacturers assume
that each product produced in either arrangement would have the same quality. Manufacturers
do not have enough information about the properties of each product, i.e. strength, internal
defect and the microstructure. Furthermore, in actuality the quality of each product might be
affected. It is the problem that we found within the market now
(pinholes, cracks, misruns and
etc.
), that is the reason investigation and comparison of the multi product in vertical and
horizontal arrangement is needed. This investigation is needed to choose which arrangement is
preferred to maintain the quality of the product. The methodology used are vickers
microhardness test, izod test, ensile test, density and porosity test and optical microscope
inspection for all produced sample. Results of this research show that castings produced at
vertical arrangement mould have higher mechanical and properties than castings produced in
horizontal arrangement mould. Vertical arrangement castings obtained higher density
exceeds %1.6117 than horizontal arrangement castings that ranges between
(1.156 and
4.8707 percent
). However, vertical arrangement castings obtained higher porosity exceeds
%13.3885 than horizontal arrangement castings that ranges between
(0.0809 and 7.4629
percent
). The hardness values for vertical castings ranges between
(115HV and 78.9HV
),
while ranges between
(110HV and 79.1HV
) for horizontal castings. Castings in vertical
arrangement hardness are %7.5442 higher than hardness for castings in horizontal
arrangement. Impact strength values of vertical arrangement casting impact values that
ranges between( 6J and 19J
) positions are %118.4615 higher than casting at horizontal
arrangement casting positions that range between
(2J and 11J
). Ultimate tensile strength for
castings produced at vertical arrangement mould ranges between
(122-182 MPa
) are
%11.81 higher than castings produced at horizontal arrangement castings
(101-178 MPa
).
The microporosity at vertical arrangement positions are %35 lower than microporoity at
horizontal arrangement positions
Effect of GTAW on the Tensile Strength and Hardness of Mild Steel
Gas tungsten metal arc welding (GTAW) is used to study the effect of the base metal thickness, welding current and welding speed on the tensile strength and hardness of mild steel welding. The analysis found that base metal thickness had the highest effect and highest means of tensile strength and hardness of the welding. Taguchi’s design (TD) suggested using higher base metal thickness, lower welding current and higher welding speed when welding mild steel in order to obtain maximum tensile strength and hardness. The welding that has higher tensile strength showed higher hardness. However, the hardness increased proportionally with the increased internal stresses of the welding. The welding showed wider heat affected zone (HAZ) with the increase in internal stresses of the welding
Fractional Supersymmetry As a Matrix Model
Using parafermionic field theoretical methods, the fundamentals of 2d
fractional supersymmetry are set up. Known difficulties
induced by methods based on the quantum group representations
and non commutative geometry are overpassed in the parafermionic approach.
Moreover we find that fractional supersymmetric algebras are naturally realized
as matrix models. The K=3 case is studied in details. Links between 2d
and fractional supersymmetries and N=2
U(1) and N=4 su(2) standard supersymmetries respectively are exhibited. Field
theoretical models describing the self couplings of the matter multiplets
and are given.Comment: Latex,no figure,17page
In Vitro Apatite Deposition on TiO2 Film Derived from Electro-Chemical Treatment on Ti Substrate under Mixed Acid Electrolyte
Anodic oxidation is used to produce thick titania (TiO2) coating layer in a mixture of acids electrolyte to modify the TiO2 which is naturally formed on titanium (Ti) with a thickness of only a few nanometers and inert. The TiO2 coating is then subjected to an in-vitro test to evaluate their bioactivity in simulation body fluid (SBF). In the present work, oxide coatings of TiO2 were formed on Ti-Cp foil under potentials of 150 V at a current density of 100 mA/cm2 for 10 min. Multiple characterization techniques were used. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to obtain mineralogical phase, scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to obtain surface morphology, water contact angle (WCA) is used to obtain the wettability of the TiO2, and the chemical absorption of the apatite precipitation was tested using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). From the testing results, surface morphology obtained an increased porosity with smaller pore size for TiO2, formed in mixed acids with higher molar concentration. Crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) was obtained on all mixed solution coatings. Higher apatite precipitation and crystalline were obtained on the TiO2 coating with strong Ti-O- and Ti-OH functional groups, porous surface and strong anatase crystalline
Research in Teacher Education: Volume 10, No.1, May 2020
The Research in Teacher Education publication is published twice a year by the School of Education and Communities, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ. The periodical offers a forum for informed debate and discussion on all aspects of teacher education. The publication showcases work from the teacher education teams at the School of Education and Communities and the wider teacher education community in the UK.
The definition of ‘research’, in its broadest sense includes any gathering of data, information and ‘facts’ designed to advance knowledge. While nurturing and publicising the creative talent within teacher education the periodical seeks to stimulate, provoke and extend discussion and debate with other professionals associated with this field. In addition to contributions from the team of teacher educators at the School, each edition of Research in Teacher Education will publish research findings, book reviews and/or opinion pieces from guest writers associated with the School of Education and Communities
Fundamental Structure and Properties of Enamel, Dentin and Cementum
In this chapter, the fundamental structure of dental tissue at different scale levels and its concurrent role in determining the mechanical properties of the tooth are discussed. The main emphasis is on the role of the organic phase in determining the mechanical properties of enamel and dentin. In this regard, the results of nanoindentation experiments following different treatments of enamel and dentin are presented. These treatments include selective removal of matrix proteins and water of enamel and dentin tissue. The findings indicate that peptides and organic remnants not only play a significant role in the formation and structure of enamel and dentin, but also they regulate the mechanical response and functional integrity of the tooth tissue. In addition, these findings provide a basis for further investigation of the adverse effect of some current clinical treatments, such as bleaching, on the health and properties of dental tissue