PELATIHAN 16 KECENDERUNGAN BERPIKIR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM MENGATASI KESULITAN

Kesuksesan tidak bisa diraih tanpa kemampuan untuk mengatasi kesulitan (tantangan). Kenyataannya kesulitan membawa dampak yang berbeda-beda bagi masing-masing individu, suatu masalah dapat menyebabkan kegagalan pada satu individu dan menjadi kekuatan yang hebat bagi yang lain. Pada dasarnya setiap individu memerlukan kemampuan yang dapat digunakan untuk menghadapi kesulitan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, begitu pula dengan para peserta didik.Perbedaan cara mengatasi kesulitan disebabkan oleh antara lain kecenderungan berpikir yang berbeda-beda. Kecenderungan berpikir merupakan sikap cerdas individu yang biasa digunakan untuk memecahkan permasalahan yang mencakup hubungan interpersonal maupun yang berhubungan dengan pendidikan individu. Saat seseorang menggunakan kecenderungan berpikir untuk menghadapi kesulitan, individu yang bersangkutan cenderung menggunakan seluruh kemampuan yang dimilikinya. Costa menyatakan ada 16 kecenderungan berpikir yang dimiliki seseorang. Apabila individu menguasai keenambelas kecenderungan berpikir tersebut, maka kemampuan individu yang bersangkutan dalam menghadapi kesulitan akan dapat ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah pelatihan 16 Kecenderungan Berpikir dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam mengatasi kesulitan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan eksperimen randomized control-group pretest-posttest design. Dimana subjek penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswa SMA yang memiliki skor kemampuan mengatasi kesulitan menengah kebawah. Perlakuan yang diberikan kepada kelompok eksperimen adalah pelatihan 16 Kecenderungan Berpikir. Hasil pengolahan data menggunakan program statistik SPSS 14. hasil uji man withney u-test memberikan nilai Z = -2,158 dengan p-value = 0.031 untuk uji dua sisi (two tail). Untuk memperoleh uji satu sisi maka p harus di bagi dua 0.031/2 = 0.015, dapat dilihat bahwa nilai p-value 0.015 < 0.05, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa hipotesis diterima. Jadi dari hasil penelitian ini kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah bahwa metode pelatihan 16 kecenderungan berfikir dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam mengatasi kesulitan.

Efek Larvisida Residu Minyak Atsiri Bungacengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum L.) Terhadap Larva Instar III Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti Di Laboratorium

Latar Belakang Pemberantasan vektor secara alami adalah salah satu cara pengendalian demam berdarah dengue. Minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh diketahui memiliki efek larvisida.Syarat larvisida yang baik adalah memiliki persistensi yang cukup lama. Tujuan Mengetahui efek larvisida residu minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) terhadap larva instar III nyamuk Ae. Aegypti. Metode Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan randomized post test only control group design. Larva dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok dimana tiap kelompok terdiri dari 25 ekor larva dengan konsentrasi 0,03% v/v, 0,3% v/v, 3% v/v, dan kontrol. Pengukuran mortalitas dilakukan setelah 48 jam perlakuan,setelah satu minggu, larva baru dimasukkan kemudian diamati mortalitasnya. Hal ini dilakukan pada minggu ke I,II,III dan IV. Hasil Residu minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh dengan konsentrasi 0,03% v/v memiliki efek larvisida sebesar 91,33% pada minggu I, sebesar 82,67% pada minggu II, sebesar 37,33% pada minggu III, dan sebesar 14% pada minggu ke IV. Sedangkan pada residu minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh konsentrasi 0,3% v/v dan 3% v/v memiliki efek larvisida terhadap larva instar III nyamuk Ae.aegyptisebesar 100% pada minggu I, II, III, dan IV. Kesimpulan Residu minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh memiliki efek larvasida

Anthropometric discriminators of type 2 diabetes among White and Black American adults

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to determine the best anthropometric discriminators of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among White and Black males and females in a large US sample. METHODS: We used Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study baseline data (1987–89) from 15 242 participants (1827 with T2DM) aged 45–65 years. Anthropometric measures included a body shape index (ABSI), body adiposity index (BAI), body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist:height ratio (WHtR), and waist:hip ratio (WHR). All anthropometric measures were standardized to Z-scores. Using logistic regression, odds ratios for T2DM were adjusted for age, physical activity, and family history of T2DM. The Akaike information criterion and receiver operating characteristic C-statistic were used to select the best-fit models. RESULTS: Body mass index, WC, WHtR, and WHR were comparable discriminators of T2DM among White and Black males, and were superior to ABSI and BAI in predicting T2DM (P < 0.0001). Waist circumference, WHtR, and WHR were the best discriminators among White females, whereas WHR was the best discriminator among Black females. The ABSI was the poorest discriminator of T2DM for all race–gender groups except Black females. Anthropometric values distinguishing T2DM cases from non-cases were lower for Black than White adults. CONCLUSIONS: Anthropometric measures that included WC, either alone or relative to height (WHtR) or hip circumference (WHR), were the strongest discriminators of T2DM across race–gender groups. Body mass index was a comparable discriminator to WC, WHtR, and WHR among males, but not females

Perbandingan Kondisi Optimum Pereduksi Natrium Tiosulfat (Na2S2O3) Dan Hidroksilamin Hidroklorida (NH2OH.HCl) Pada Analisa Kadar Total Besi Secara Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

Pada penelitian ini dibandingkan aktivitas pereduksi Na2S2O3 dan NH2OH.HCl yang meliputi pH optimum, waktu pembentukan kompleks dan konsentrasi optimum. Penentuan maks diperoleh pada 512 nm. Selanjutnya optimasi pH buffer suasana asam diperoleh pH 4,5 untuk pereduksi Na2S2O3 dan pH 5,5 untuk NH2OH.HCl. Kedua pereduksi masing-masing dapat mereduksi optimum pada pendiaman 15 menit. Na2S2O3 ditemukan masih stabil di atas 15 menit, sedangkan NH2OH.HCl sudah rusak. Selain itu, dilakukan penentuan konsentrasi optimum pereduksi, dihasilkan 10 ppm pereduksi Na2S2O3 dan 11 ppm NH2OH.HCl untuk mereduksi 5 ppm larutan Fe3+

Leptin Identification After Wound Incision in the Rats Fed High Fat Diet

Leptin is a hormone produced by adipocytes and plays an important role in wound healing. The objectives of this research were to identify leptin and total leukocyte after incision on rat fed high fat diet and zinc topicalapplication. Sixteen male Sprague Dawley rats at 3 months of age were used in this study. Rats were randomly allotted into 4 groups (A,B,C and D) of 4. Rats in group A and B were fed normal diet, while rats in group C and D were fed high fat diet. After 2 months of treatment, skin incision was done at the back side of the rat. Incision wound was then closed with single interrupted suture. The wound of the rats in group A and C was treated with vaseline, while in group B and D was treated with zinc 10%. Three days after surgery, blood was collected from each rat for leptin analysis and total leukocyte. Leptin level and total leukocyte were analyzed statistically using ANOVA for factorial experiment (2x2). The results showed that leptin level was significantly higher in rats fedhigh fat diet compared to that of the rats fed normal diet (P<0.05). There was no significant different on total leukocyte. Therefore, it was concluded that leptin level was affected by diet, while total leukocyte was notaffected neither by diet nor topical application. However, total leukocyte tends to be lowered in the rat with zinc topical application

Multiscale Kinetic Monte-Carlo for Simulating Epitaxial Growth

We present a fast Monte-Carlo algorithm for simulating epitaxial surface growth, based on the continuous-time Monte-Carlo algorithm of Bortz, Kalos and Lebowitz. When simulating realistic growth regimes, much computational time is consumed by the relatively fast dynamics of the adatoms. Continuum and continuum-discrete hybrid methods have been developed to approach this issue; however in many situations, the density of adatoms is too low to efficiently and accurately simulate as a continuum. To solve the problem of fast adatom dynamics, we allow adatoms to take larger steps, effectively reducing the number of transitions required. We achieve nearly a factor of ten speed up, for growth at moderate temperatures and large D/F.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures; revised text, accepted by PR

Kepentingan Amerika Serikat dalam Mempertahankan Proyek Naval Medical Research Unit Two (NAMRU 2)

This research is analyzing about the presence of Naval Medical Research Unit Two (NAMRU 2) and the interests of USA government in keeping the NAMRU 2 project to be remained in Indonesia even the MoU which binds the contract between them has been expired. NAMRU 2 is a biomedical research laboratory belongs to USA Navy which examines about the infectious diseases that occurs in tropical countries, the treatment of traumatic war, and providing medical aids to disaster victims.This research applies Diplomacy theory and national interest. And this research applies qulitative methods and case study in this research. The data collected trought library research, literature studies, official docments, academic journal, mass media.According to the MoU, NAMRU 2 should finish its tenure in Indonesia in 2005, but with reasons that there still many things undone, making NAMRU 2 still want to extend the MoU with the deadline period for one year. But until 2008, NAMRU 2 is still freely conducting their activities even it should be over in 2006. Its peak, in 2008 Indonesias health minister at that time dr. Siti Fadilah Supari give orders to every hospital in Indonesia to not sending any virus samples to NAMRU laboratory because, according to her, NAMRU 2 has an economic motives behind the vaccines making of virus samples that delivered from every hospital in Indonesia to NAMRU 2.Keywords: NAMRU 2, virus samples, vaccine, and USA interes