Aproximative solutions to the neutrino oscillation problem in matter

We present approximative solutions to the neutrino evolution equation calculated by different methods. In a two neutrino framework, using the physical parameters which gives the main effects to neutrino oscillations from nu{e} to another flavors for L=3000Km and E=1GeV, the results for the transition probability calculated by using series solutions, by to take the neutrino evolution operator as a product of ordered partial operators and by numerical methods, for a linearly and sinusoidally varying matter density are compared. The extension to an arbitrary density profile is discussed and the evolution operator as a product of partial operators in the three neutrino case is obtained.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

The spectroscopic evolution of the γ\gamma-ray emitting classical nova Nova Mon 2012. I. Implications for the ONe subclass of classical novae

Nova Mon 2012 was the first classical nova to be detected as a high energy $\gamma$-ray transient, by Fermi-LAT, before its optical discovery. We study a time sequence of high resolution optical echelle spectra (Nordic Optical Telescope) and contemporaneous NOT, STIS UV, and CHIRON echelle spectra (Nov 20/21/22). We use [O III] and H$\beta$ line fluxs to constrain the properties of the ejecta. We derive the structure from the optical and UV line profiles and compare our measured line fluxes for with predictions using Cloudy with abundances from other ONe novae. Mon 2012 is confirmed as an ONe nova. We find E(B-V)=0.85$\pm$0.05 and hydrogen column density $\approx 5\times 10^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$. The corrected continuum luminosity is nearly the same in the entire observed energy range as V1974 Cyg, V382 Mon, and Nova LMC 2000 at the same epoch after outburst. The distance, about 3.6 kpc, is quite similar to V1974 Cyg. The line profiles can be modeled using an axisymmetric bipolar geometry for the ejecta with various inclinations of the axis to the line of sight, 60 \le i \le 80 degrees, an opening angle of \approx$70 deg, inner radius$\Delta R/R(t)\approx 0.4$for permitted lines and less filled for forbidden lines. The filling factor$f\approx 0.1-0.3$implying M(ejecta)$\leq 6\times 10^{-5}$M$_\odot$. The ONe novae appear to comprise a single physical class with bipolar high mass ejecta, similarly enhanced abundances, and a common spectroscopic evolution within a narrow range of luminosities. The detected$\gamma$-ray emission may be a generic phenomenon, common to all ONe novae, possibly to all classical novae, and connected with acceleration and emission processes within the ejecta (abstract severely truncated).Comment: Submitted to A&A 9/1/2013; Accepted 27/2/2013 (in press

The spectroscopic evolution of the recurrent nova T Pyxidis during its 2011 outburst. II.The optically thin phase and the structure of the ejecta in recurrent novae

We continue our study of the physical properties of the recurrent nova T Pyx, focussing on the structure of the ejecta in the nebular stage of expansion during the 2011 outburst. The nova was observed contemporaneously with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), at high resolution spectroscopic resolution (R ~ 65000) on 2011 Oct. 11 and 2012 Apr. 8 (without absolute flux calibration), and with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope, at high resolution (R ~ 30000) on 2011 Oct. 10 and 2012 Mar. 28 (absolute fluxes). We use standard plasma diagnostics (e.g. [O III] and [N II] line ratios and the H$\beta$ line fluxes) to constrain electron densities and temperatures. Using Monte Carlo modeling of the ejecta, we derive the structure and filling factor from comparisons to the optical and ultraviolet line profiles. The ejecta can be modeled using an axisymmetric conical -- bipolar -- geometry with a low inclination of the axis to the line of sight, i=15+/-5 degrees, compatible with published results from high angular resolution optical spectro-interferometry. The structure is similar to that observed in the other short orbital period recurrent novae during their nebular stages. We show that the electron density scales as $t^{-3}$ as expected from a ballistically ejected constant mass shell; there is no need to invoke a continuing mass outflow following the eruption. The derived mass for the ejecta with filling factor f ~ 3%, M_ej ~ 2E-6$M_sun is similar to that obtained for other recurrent nova ejecta but inconsistent with the previously reported extended optically thick epoch of the explosion. We suggest that the system underwent a common envelope phase following the explosion that produced the recombination event. Implications for the dynamics of the recurrent novae are discussed. (truncated)Comment: accepted for publication in A&A (10 Nov. 2012), 10 pgs, 16 fig

Síndrome de Burnout : relações com comprometimento afetivo entre gestores de organização estatal

Esta pesquisa envolveu dois conceitos centrais e a tentativa de articulá-los teórica e empiricamente: síndrome de burnout e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. Foram aplicados 249 questionários, contendo escalas padronizadas de cinco pontos, tipo Likert, e realizadas 16 entrevistas, apoiadas em roteiros semi-estruturados, entre gestores da Eletronorte. Formulou- se a hipótese de que os respondentes apresentariam comportamentos típicos de burnout e de que haveria uma relação positiva entre esta variável e comprometimento afetivo. Foram realizadas análises inferenciais e identificou- se, entre os respondentes, nível moderado de burnout nos fatores exaustão emocional, despersonalização e baixa realização pessoal, sendo que 27,7% dos pesquisados apresentaram índices altos ou moderados nos três fatores da síndrome, predominando o fator baixa realização pessoal; 61,8% e 36,14% dos respondentes apresentaram níveis elevado e moderado, respectivamente, de comprometimento afetivo. A hipótese foi confirmada quanto à presença de burnout e rejeitada no que se refere à relação positiva entre a síndrome e comprometimento. Os resultados podem ser úteis para a compreensão de fenômenos pouco explorados no campo do comportamento organizacional, em especial entre gestores que atuam em organizações em fase de transformação. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis research encompasses two main concepts and aimed to analyse them both theoretical and empirically: burnout syndrome and affective organisational commitment. 249 five-point standardised Likert-scale questionnaires were filled out and 16 interviews, supported by semi-structured schedules were undertaken with Eletronorte managers. The research hypothesis was 159 that these managers would have typical burnout behaviour and a positive relationship between this syndrome and attitudinal commitment would be find. Inferential analyses were done and medium level of burnout syndrome on the emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and low personal accomplishment were identified. 27,7% of the managers presented medium or high levels on the three syndrome factors, stressing the low personal accomplishment factor; 61,8% and 36,14% of the research participants showed high and medium levels, respectively, of attitudinal commitment. The hypothesis was accepted upon the burnout syndrome, but rejected on the positive relationship between that syndrome and commitment. The results can be useful to understand factors less explored on the organisational behaviour field, especially amongst managers that work on organisations which are on changing process