Study of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Network with Applications and Interference Mitigation Technique

In this paper I am going to explain about IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee) wireless network. IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard which specifies the physical layer and media access control for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). It is maintained by the IEEE 802.15 working group, which defined it in 2003. It is the basis for the ZigBee, ISA100.11a, WirelessHART, MiWi, and Thread specifications, each of which further extends the standard by developing the upper layers which are not defined in IEEE 802.15.4.The fundamental system considers a 10-meter correspondences extend with an exchange rate of 250 kbit/s. Tradeoffs are conceivable to support all the more drastically implanted gadgets with even lower control necessities, through the meaning of not one, but rather a few physical layers. Bring down exchange rates of 20 and 40 kbit/s were at first characterized, with the 100 kbit/s rate being included the present correction. and it’s various application in the field of, Industrial,Agricultural,Vehicular , Residential, Medical and also discuss about interference mitigation technique like frequency agility mechanism. To improve the robustness of ZigBee networks, a feature called frequency agility is specified in the ZigBee standard. we extend the frequency agility function by enabling a single ZigBee network to work on multiple channels. As some local interference appears, the part of the network which is under the interference can move to a new idle channel while maintaining the communication links with the other part of the network which stays on the original channel and the moved part can move back to the original channel when the interference disappears

Determination of Seismic parameters of R.C.C. Building Using Shear Core Outrigger, Wall Belt and Truss Belt Systems

Structural analysis has been done since decades to study the behavior of lateral load resisting systems and for that outrigger structural system has done a tremendous job in this regard. The present work is to study high-rise G+10 3D computer model RCC structure under the influence of earthquake forces. The outrigger location used according to Taranath method. Response spectrum method is used for observing the performance of total seven different cases which include regular, shear core, outrigger and wall belt and outrigger and truss belt supported system. These are studied and parameters such as Base shear, column axial forces and member shear forces were examined. Efficient cases for all the parameters have discussed in this article too

Assessment of genetic diversity in Trigonella foenum-graecum and Trigonella caerulea using ISSR and RAPD markers

BACKGROUND: Various species of genus Trigonella are important from medical and culinary aspect. Among these, Trigonella foenum-graecum is commonly grown as a vegetable. This anti-diabetic herb can lower blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Another species, Trigonella caerulea is used as food in the form of young seedlings. This herb is also used in cheese making. However, little is known about the genetic variation present in these species. In this report we describe the use of ISSR and RAPD markers to study genetic diversity in both, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Trigonella caerulea. RESULTS: Seventeen accessions of Trigonella foenum-graecum and nine accessions of Trigonella caerulea representing various countries were analyzed using ISSR and RAPD markers. Genetic diversity parameters (average number of alleles per polymorphic locus, percent polymorphism, average heterozygosity and marker index) were calculated for ISSR, RAPD and ISSR+RAPD approaches in both the species. Dendrograms were constructed using UPGMA algorithm based on the similarity index values for both Trigonella foenum-graecum and Trigonella caerulea. The UPGMA analysis showed that plants from different geographical regions were distributed in different groups in both the species. In Trigonella foenum-graecum accessions from Pakistan and Afghanistan were grouped together in one cluster but accessions from India and Nepal were grouped together in another cluster. However, in both the species accessions from Turkey did not group together and fell in different clusters. CONCLUSIONS: Based on genetic similarity indices, higher diversity was observed in Trigonella caerulea as compared to Trigonella foenum-graecum. The genetic similarity matrices generated by ISSR and RAPD markers in both species were highly correlated (r = 0.78 at p = 0.001 for Trigonella foenum-graecum and r = 0.98 at p = 0.001 for Trigonella caerulea) indicating congruence between these two systems. Implications of these observations in the analysis of genetic diversity and in supporting the possible Center of Origin and/or Diversity for Trigonella are discussed

Impact of Maternal Air Pollution exposure on children's lung health: An Indian perspective

© 2018 by the authors. Air pollution has become an emerging invisible killer in recent years and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. More than 90% of the world's children breathe toxic air every day. India is among the top ten most highly polluted countries with an average PM 10 level of 134 μg/m 3 per year. It is reported that 99% of India's population encounters air pollution levels that exceed the World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline, advising a PM 2.5 permissible level of 10 μg/m 3 . Maternal exposure to air pollution has serious health outcomes in offspring because it can affect embryonic phases of development during the gestation period. A fetus is more prone to effects from air pollution during embryonic developmental phases due to resulting oxidative stress as antioxidant mechanisms are lacking at that stage. Any injury during this vulnerable period (embryonic phase) will have a long-term impact on offspring health, both early and later in life. Epidemiological studies have revealed that maternal exposure to air pollution increases the risk of development of airway disease in the offspring due to impaired lung development in utero. In this review, we discuss cellular mechanisms involved in maternal exposure to air pollution and how it can impact airway disease development in offspring. A better understanding of these mechanisms in the context of maternal exposure to air pollution can offer a new avenue to prevent the development of airway disease in offspring

EVALUATION OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF PETROLEUM ETHER EXTRACT OF SEEDS OF PITHECELLOBIUM DULCE IN WISTAR RATS

Objective: The present study was planned to assess the immunomodulatory action of petroleum ether extracts of seeds of Pithecellobium dulce (PEPD) in experimental models of immunity.Methods: Metronidazole, pyrogallol and ethanol models were used for suppression of the immune system in Wistar rats. Humoral immunity was analyzed by haemmagglutination assay, whereas, cellular immunity was carried out by paw edema and carbon clearance assay. PEPD (400 mg/kg, p. o.) was selected by acute toxicity study. Levamisole (50 mg/kg, p. o.) was used as standard.Results: Metronidazole, pyrogallol and ethanol significantly decreased the humoral and cellular immunity, whereas, PEPD and levamisole significantly increased the circulating antibody titer in the indirect haemagglunation test. PEPD and levamisole also produced significant increases in paw edema and increase in the phagocytic index in the carbon clearance assay. Animals treated with metronidazole, pyrogallol and ethanol decreased in peripheral blood RBCs and monocytes whereas, PEPD and levamisole treated groups significantly increased in peripheral blood RBCs and monocytes.Conclusion: Our data showed that PEPD possesses potential for augmenting immune activity by cellular and humoral mediated mechanisms and also significantly restores the biochemical and histopathological parameters. The present study concluded that PEPD may have therapeutic and prophylactic value as immunostimulants.Â

THIENOPYRIDINES: PLATELET ADP RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST

Atherothrombotic disease is the result of atherosclerosis progression, and its clinical manifestations [acute coronary syndromes (ACS), stroke, etc). These events are mostly secondary to atherosclerotic plaque disruption and subsequent thrombus formation. Atherosclerosis prevention is mainly focused on the management of the so-called ‘cardiovascular risk factors’; whereas thrombosis-related complications are mainly prevented and/or treated by antithrombotic therapies. The central role of platelets in the pathophysiology of arterial vascular disease has focused attention on the development of effective platelet inhibitor modalities to mitigate the clinical consequences of atherothrombotic disease. Aspirin has been the mainstay; the thienopyridines provide new opportunities for those patients who are intolerant, resistant or have failed aspirin, and for those who can derive greater beneï¬t from combined therapy. Thienopyridines (ticlopidine, clopidogrel etc.) are a class of ADP receptor/P2Y12 inhibitors used for their anti-platelet activity. The co-administration aspirin-clopidogrel results in enhancement of platelet inhibition, since they act via different platelet receptors. This article reviews the current antiplatelet agents in ACSs and role of thienopyridines as antiplatelet agents in management

African and Asian origin pearl millet populations: Genetic diversity pattern and its association with yield heterosis

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a staple food crop of arid and semi-arid regions of Asia and Africa. Forty-five pearl millet populations of Asian and African origin were assessed for genetic diversity using 29 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The SSR-based clustering and structure analyses showed that Asian origin–Asian bred (As-As) and African origin–African bred (Af-Af) populations were distributed across seven clusters, indicating no strong relationship among populations with their geographical origin. Most of the African origin–Asian bred (Af-As) populations had a higher average number of alleles per locus than As-As or Af-Af populations, and the majority of them clustered separately from As-As or Af-Af populations, indicating that introgression of African origin breeding materials led to the development of new gene pools adapted to the Asian region. Fourteen populations representing seven clusters were crossed according to a diallel mating design to generate 91 population hybrids (seeds of direct and reciprocal crossesweremixed) and evaluated at three locations in 2016. All the 91 hybrids when partitioned into three groups based on genetic distance (GD) between parental combinations (low,moderate, and high), revealed no correlation between GD and panmictic midparent heterosis in any of the groups, indicating that grain yield heterosis cannot be predicted based on GD. Two population hybrids (GB 8735 × ICMP 87307 and Sudan I × Ugandi) exhibited high levels of yield heterosis over standard checks and can be further utilized using different breeding schemes to develop high-yielding pearl millet cultivars

Montmorrilonite K10 catalyzed efficient synthesis of some 4'-nitrochalcones and their 1, 3, 5-triaryl-2-pyrazolines and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation

An expeditious synthesis of some 4´-nitrochalcones (3a-n) and their subsequent facile one-pot transformation to 1, 3,5-triaryl-2-pyrazolines (4a-n) has been carried out using montmorrilonite K10 via microwave mediated solvent free protocol.An emphasis is given to highlighting the greenness of the processes, and a fair comparison is also provided between differentinorganic solid supports as catalysts. Both conventional as well as non-conventional approaches have been explored bycomparing the reaction conditions and yields. The newly synthesized pyrazolines were studied for their in vitro antimicrobialevaluation against bacterial strains Bacillus pumilus and Escherichia coli and fungal strains Aspergillus niger and Penicilliumchrysogenum. Findings of biological evaluation highlighted 4b, 4e, 4j and 4m as potential new leads in the search of newantimicrobial agents. The structures of newly synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of elemental analysisand spectroscopic studies.Fil: Ameta, K. L.. Faculty Of Arts, Science & Commerce, Mody University Of; IndiaFil: Rathore, Nitu S.. Faculty Of Arts, Science & Commerce, Mody University Of; IndiaFil: Kumari, Maya. Faculty Of Arts, Science & Commerce, Mody University Of; IndiaFil: Khyaliya, Priyanka. University of Science and Technology; IndiaFil: Dangi R. R.. Faculty Of Arts, Science & Commerce, Mody University Of; IndiaFil: Parellada, Eduardo Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Orgánica. Cátedra de Química Orgánica III; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Instituto de Bionanotecnología del Noa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Bionanotecnología del Noa; ArgentinaFil: Neske, Adriana. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Orgánica. Cátedra de Química Orgánica III; Argentin

Gene action for quantitative traits through Generation means analysis in sesame (Sesamum indicum)

Understanding the nature of gene action in the breeding material is helpful for breeders in formulating breeder strategy. In order to understand the type of gene action operating in the breeding materials six generation means (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) from five crosses were used to estimate the genetic effects of yield and some quantitative traits in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) The analysis showed the presence of additive, dominance and epistatic gene interactions. The additive dominance model was adequate for capsule length in the KMR 108 × JCS 507 and KKS 98049 × IS 562 B crosses. An epistatic digenic model was assumed for the remaining crosses. Duplicate- type epistasis played a greater role than complementary epistasis. The study deciphered that simple additive dominance model exhibited lack of good fit for all the traits in five crosses studied, indicating the role of non-allelic interactions. Dominance and epistatic interactions played a major role in the inheritance of yield and yield contributing characters in sesame. It can be categorically stated that reciprocal recurrent selection or diallel selective mating system are the need of the hour to modify the genetic architecture of sesame for attaining higher yields with desirable oil content