Collider Jets in Perturbation Theory

Recent progress in the perturbative analysis of hadronic jets, especially in the context of hadron colliders, is discussed. The characteristic feature of this work is the emergence of a level of precision in the study of the strong interactions far beyond that previously possible. Inclusive cross sections for high energy jets at the Tevatron are now perturbatively calculable with a reliability on the order of 10%. At present this theoretical precision is comparable to the quoted experimental errors. Progress has also been made towards understanding both the internal structure of jets and the influence of the details of the jet-defining algorithm.Comment: Talk presented at the XXVIIIth Rencontres de Moriond, 1993, LATeX, 13 pages including figures (uu file at end), CERN-TH.6861/9

Successive Combination Jet Algorithm For Hadron Collisions

Jet finding algorithms, as they are used in $e^+ e^-$ and hadron collisions, are reviewed and compared. It is suggested that a successive combination style algorithm, similar to that used in $e^+ e^-$ physics, might be useful also in hadron collisions, where cone style algorithms have been used previously.Comment: 18 pages plus four uuencoded postscript figures, REVTEX 3.0, CERN-TH.6860/9

Jets and Photons

This Letter applies the concept of `jets', as constructed from calorimeter cell four-vectors, to jets composed (primarily) of photons (or leptons). Thus jets become a superset of both traditional objects such as QCD-jets, photons, and electrons, and more unconventional objects such as photon-jets and electron-jets, defined as collinear photons and electrons, respectively. Since standard objects such as single photons become a subset of jets in this approach, standard jet substructure techniques are incorporated into the photon finder toolbox. We demonstrate that, for a single photon identification efficiency of 80% or above, the use of jet substructure techniques reduces the number of QCD-jets faking photons by factors of 2.5 to 4. Depending on the topology of the photon-jets, the substructure variables reduce the number of photon-jets faking single photons by factors of 10 to 10^3 at a single photon identification efficiency of 80%.Comment: updated reference

Supernova Constraints and Systematic Uncertainties from the First Three Years of the Supernova Legacy Survey

We combine high-redshift Type Ia supernovae from the first three years of the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) with other supernova (SN) samples, primarily at lower redshifts, to form a high-quality joint sample of 472 SNe (123 low-z, 93 SDSS, 242 SNLS, and 14 Hubble Space Telescope). SN data alone require cosmic acceleration at >99.999% confidence, including systematic effects. For the dark energy equation of state parameter (assumed constant out to at least z = 1.4) in a flat universe, we find w = –0.91^(+0.16)_(–0.20)(stat)^(+0.07)_(–0.14)(sys) from SNe only, consistent with a cosmological constant. Our fits include a correction for the recently discovered relationship between host-galaxy mass and SN absolute brightness. We pay particular attention to systematic uncertainties, characterizing them using a systematic covariance matrix that incorporates the redshift dependence of these effects, as well as the shape-luminosity and color-luminosity relationships. Unlike previous work, we include the effects of systematic terms on the empirical light-curve models. The total systematic uncertainty is dominated by calibration terms. We describe how the systematic uncertainties can be reduced with soon to be available improved nearby and intermediate-redshift samples, particularly those calibrated onto USNO/SDSS-like systems

On Statistical Aspects of Qjets

The process by which jet algorithms construct jets and subjets is inherently ambiguous and equally well motivated algorithms often return very different answers. The Qjets procedure was introduced by the authors to account for this ambiguity by considering many reconstructions of a jet at once, allowing one to assign a weight to each interpretation of the jet. Employing these weighted interpretations leads to an improvement in the statistical stability of many measurements. Here we explore in detail the statistical properties of these sets of weighted measurements and demonstrate how they can be used to improve the reach of jet-based studies.Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures. References added, minor modification of the text. This version to appear in JHE

Avoidance maneuevers selected while viewing cockpit traffic displays

Ten airline pilots rates the collision danger of air traffic presented on cockpit displays of traffic information while they monitored simulated departures from Denver. They selected avoidance maneuvers when necessary for separation. Most evasive maneuvers were turns rather than vertical maneuvers. Evasive maneuvers chosen for encounters with low or moderate collision danger were generally toward the intruding aircraft. This tendency lessened as the perceived threat level increased. In the highest threst situations pilots turned toward the intruder only at chance levels. Intruders coming from positions in front of the pilot's own ship were more frequently avoided by turns toward than when intruders approached laterally or from behind. Some of the implications of the pilots' turning-toward tendencies are discussed with respect to automatic collision avoidance systems and coordination of avoidance maneuvers of conflicting aircraft

Jet Investigations Using the Radial Moment

We define the radial moment, , for jets produced in hadron-hadron collisions. It can be used as a tool for studying, as a function of the jet transverse energy and pseudorapidity, radiation within the jet and the quality of a perturbative description of the jet shape. We also discuss how non-perturbative corrections to the jet transverse energy affect .Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, 6 figure

Generalized canonical ensembles and ensemble equivalence

This paper is a companion article to our previous paper (J. Stat. Phys. 119, 1283 (2005), cond-mat/0408681), which introduced a generalized canonical ensemble obtained by multiplying the usual Boltzmann weight factor $e^{-\beta H}$ of the canonical ensemble with an exponential factor involving a continuous function $g$ of the Hamiltonian $H$. We provide here a simplified introduction to our previous work, focusing now on a number of physical rather than mathematical aspects of the generalized canonical ensemble. The main result discussed is that, for suitable choices of $g$, the generalized canonical ensemble reproduces, in the thermodynamic limit, all the microcanonical equilibrium properties of the many-body system represented by $H$ even if this system has a nonconcave microcanonical entropy function. This is something that in general the standard ($g=0$) canonical ensemble cannot achieve. Thus a virtue of the generalized canonical ensemble is that it can be made equivalent to the microcanonical ensemble in cases where the canonical ensemble cannot. The case of quadratic $g$-functions is discussed in detail; it leads to the so-called Gaussian ensemble.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures (best viewed in ps), revtex4. Changes in v2: Title changed, references updated, new paragraph added, minor differences with published versio