56 research outputs found
La gratuité des soins de santé contribue à améliorer la santé des enfants de moins de cinq ans
La recherche a bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© dâune subvention des Instituts de recherche en santĂ© du Canada (# GIR127070) et dâune subvention de lâinitiative Innovation pour la santĂ© des mĂšres et des enfants dâAfrique â un partenariat entre Affaires mondiales Canada (AMC), les Instituts de recherche en santĂ© du Canada (IRSC) et le Centre de recherches pour le dĂ©veloppement international (CRDI) du Canada.Lâobjectif principal de la recherche est de mesurer chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans, les impacts de lâexposition Ă la gratuitĂ©. Le contexte particulier de lâĂ©tude permet de vĂ©rifier si ces impacts augmentent avec la durĂ©e de lâexposition Ă la gratuitĂ©.
Le second objectif de lâĂ©tude consiste Ă vĂ©rifier dans quelle mesure la gratuitĂ© bĂ©nĂ©ficie davantage ou non, aux enfants qui, en raison de leur genre, leur milieu de vie ou leur pauvretĂ©, sont plus vulnĂ©rables
Semen CD4+ T cells and macrophages are productively infected at all stages of SIV infection in macaques.
International audienceThe mucosal events of HIV transmission have been extensively studied, but the role of infected cells present in the genital and rectal secretions, and in the semen, in particular, remains a matter of debate. As a prerequisite to a thorough in vivo investigation of the early transmission events through infected cells, we characterized in detail by multi-parameter flow cytometry the changes in macaque seminal leukocytes during SIVmac251 infection, focusing on T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Using immunocytofluorescence targeting SIV proteins and real-time quantitative PCR targeting SIV DNA, we investigated the nature of the infected cells on sorted semen leukocytes from macaques at different stages of infection. Finally, we cocultured semen CD4(+) T cells and macrophages with a cell line permissive to SIV infection to assess their infectivity in vitro. We found that primary infection induced strong local inflammation, which was associated with an increase in the number of leukocytes in semen, both factors having the potential to favor cell-associated virus transmission. Semen CD4(+) T cells and macrophages were productively infected at all stages of infection and were infectious in vitro. Lymphocytes had a mucosal phenotype and expressed activation (CD69 & HLA-DR) and migration (CCR5, CXCR4, LFA-1) markers. CD69 expression was increased in semen T cells by SIV infection, at all stages of infection. Macrophages predominated at all stages and expressed CD4, CCR5, MAC-1 and LFA-1. Altogether, we demonstrated that semen contains the two major SIV-target cells (CD4+ T cells and macrophages). Both cell types can be productively infected at all stages of SIV infection and are endowed with markers that may facilitate transmission of infection during sexual exposure
Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19.
Clinical outcome upon infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ranges from silent infection to lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We have found an enrichment in rare variants predicted to be loss-of-function (LOF) at the 13 human loci known to govern Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)- and interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7)-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity to influenza virus in 659 patients with life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia relative to 534 subjects with asymptomatic or benign infection. By testing these and other rare variants at these 13 loci, we experimentally defined LOF variants underlying autosomal-recessive or autosomal-dominant deficiencies in 23 patients (3.5%) 17 to 77 years of age. We show that human fibroblasts with mutations affecting this circuit are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2. Inborn errors of TLR3- and IRF7-dependent type I IFN immunity can underlie life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with no prior severe infection
Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences
Lette
La chimio-prophylaxie saisonniÚre du paludisme a un impact sur la prévalence du paludisme et de l'anémie modérée ou sévÚre au Burkina Faso
La recherche a bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© dâune subvention des Instituts de recherche en santĂ© du Canada (# GIR127070) et dâune subvention de lâinitiative Innovation pour la santĂ© des mĂšres et des enfants dâAfrique â un partenariat entre Affaires mondiales Canada (AMC), les Instituts de recherche en santĂ© du Canada (IRSC) et le Centre de recherches pour le dĂ©veloppement international (CRDI) du Canada.La chimio-prophylaxie saisonniĂšre (CPS) du paludisme consiste en lâadministration de mĂ©dicaments qui combinent un effet prĂ©ventif et thĂ©rapeutique sur les infections au Plasmodium (qui cause le paludisme). La stratĂ©gie est officiellement recommandĂ©e par lâOrganisation mondiale de la SantĂ© dans les pays du Sahel depuis 2012. Au Burkina Faso, elle a Ă©tĂ© introduite en 2014 et a rapidement Ă©tĂ© Ă©tendue. Les campagnes dâadministration ciblent les enfants de 3 mois Ă 5 ans et sont rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©es une fois par mois pendant toute la saison de haute transmission. Le traitement combine une dose de sulfadoxine-pyrimĂ©thamine et trois doses dâamodiaquine. Le traitement est distribuĂ© de porte-Ă -porte par des distributeurs communautaires qui sont approvisionnĂ©s et formĂ©s par les autoritĂ©s sanitaires
Gay male pornography and the racialisation of desire
Very few studies have focused on the role pornography plays in influencing and modelling sexual desire on the basis of race and ethnicity. Using sexual script theory as an analytic tool, the purpose of this empirical study was to explore indicators of the racialisation of desire based on a sample of gay male pornography users in Québec (Canada) (n = 974). Because gay male pornography use is widespread, and because it is not simply used for the purposes of education and validation but also influences sexual norms and cultural scripts in a social context where sexual racism seems prevalent, this study offers a new perspective on a timely phenomenon. Based on our findings, the final nested linear regression model demonstrates that higher levels of racialised desire attributed to gay male pornography use were associated with the following: being at least 55 years old; having a yearly income of less than $45,000 CAD; using interracial gay male pornography; not primarily using gender-diverse gay male pornographic content (heterosexual, bisexual, transsexual); having higher levels of perceived pressure to conform; having a higher preference for bareback pornography; and having higher levels of acquired sexual knowledge
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