Experimental Analysis using Established Parameters for Cryogenic Treatment on High Speed Steel Tool

The experimental analysis on cutting tool material is done with referring the established parameters for Cryogenic Treatment. The pilot experimentation is carried out using the Conventional heat treated tool bits as supplied condition and Cryogenic treated tools. The three grades of high speed steel are identified for the investigation purpose and for pilot experimentation H.S.S. T42 grade is selected. The tool material procured is strictly as per the grade specifications for the investigation of effect of cryogenic treatment on tool life. The established parameters for cryogenic treatment are identified referring to previous published research and machining parameters as per the industry specifications. The pilot experimentation using Untreated and treated tools are subjected to turning operation on CNC turning center for a definite work material and machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut are identified. Single point cutting Tool geometry is maintained as per the tool signature and length of the tool is maintained as per the limitations of the machine. The Surface Roughness of the machined work piece is measured using the Taylor Hob-son Surface Roughness tester and the Tool wear is measured using the Tool Makers microscope. The results are tabulated. An experimental effort to understand the effect of Untreated and Cryogenic treated tool on the tool life is the outcome of this paper. The outcome of this paper forms the basis of experimentation using the Orthogonal array for all the selected grades of the material

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CITRUS SINENSIS PEEL

Citrus Sinensis peel was screened for its phytochemical composition. The aqueous as well as the ethanoic extracts of the peel revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, fixed oils and lipids, sugars, proteins, terpenoids, steroids, and amino acids whereas the saponins are present only in the ethanolic extract

Heterogeneidade institucional e o ingresso de investimento direto estrangeiro na economia brasileira

Resumo Diante da evolução do ingresso de investimento direto estrangeiro na economia brasileira e da crescente preocupação com aspectos institucionais nos países receptores e de origem deste tipo de investimento, o presente estudo se propôs a avaliar como a qualidade do ambiente institucional e sua heterogeneidade tem afetado a entrada de IDE no mercado brasileiro, no período de 1996 a 2012. Para tanto, foram realizadas estimações de uma equação gravitacional para os fluxos de investimentos externos destinados ao Brasil e provenientes dos seus 31 principais parceiros investidores. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o volume entrante de investimento externo no Brasil é positivamente afetado pela qualidade do ambiente institucional político-social e econômico-financeiro entre os países de origem e o Brasil. Além disso, a disparidade institucional econômico-financeira mostrou-se negativamente relacionada com o ingresso do capital externo