Mass-Richness relations for X-ray and SZE-selected clusters at 0.4<z<2.00.4 < z <2.0 as seen by SpitzerSpitzer at 4.5μ\mum

We study the mass-richness relation of 116 spectroscopically-confirmed massive clusters at $0.4 < z < 2$ by mining the $Spitzer$ archive. We homogeneously measure the richness at 4.5$\mu$m for our cluster sample within a fixed aperture of $2^{\prime}$ radius and above a fixed brightness threshold, making appropriate corrections for both background galaxies and foreground stars. We have two subsamples, those which have a) literature X-ray luminosities and b) literature Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect masses. For the X-ray subsample we re-derive masses adopting the most recent calibrations. We then calibrate an empirical mass-richness relation for the combined sample spanning more than one decade in cluster mass and find the associated uncertainties in mass at fixed richness to be $\pm 0.25$ dex. We study the dependance of the scatter of this relation with galaxy concentration, defined as the ratio between richness measured within an aperture radius of 1 and 2 arcminutes. We find that at fixed aperture radius the scatter increases for clusters with higher concentrations. We study the dependance of our richness estimates with depth of the [4.5]$\mu$m imaging data and find that reaching a depth of at least [4.5]= 21 AB mag is sufficient to derive reasonable mass estimates. We discuss the possible extension of our method to the mid-infrared $WISE$ all-sky survey data, and the application of our results to the $Euclid$ mission. This technique makes richness-based cluster mass estimates available for large samples of clusters at very low observational cost.Comment: Submitted to ApJ on Aug 31 2016, Revised version resubmitted on Apr 11th 201

Constraints on the Growth and Spin of the Supermassive Black Hole in M32 From High Cadence Visible Light Observations

We present 1-second cadence observations of M32 (NGC221) with the CHIMERA instrument at the Hale 200-inch telescope of the Palomar Observatory. Using field stars as a baseline for relative photometry, we are able to construct a light curve of the nucleus in the g-prime and r-prime band with 1sigma=36 milli-mag photometric stability. We derive a temporal power spectrum for the nucleus and find no evidence for a time-variable signal above the noise as would be expected if the nuclear black hole were accreting gas. Thus, we are unable to constrain the spin of the black hole although future work will use this powerful instrument to target more actively accreting black holes. Given the black hole mass of (2.5+/-0.5)*10^6 Msun inferred from stellar kinematics, the absence of a contribution from a nuclear time-variable signal places an upper limit on the accretion rate which is 4.6*10^{-8} of the Eddington rate, a factor of two more stringent than past upper limits from HST. The low mass of the black hole despite the high stellar density suggests that the gas liberated by stellar interactions was primarily at early cosmic times when the low-mass black hole had a small Eddington luminosity. This is at least partly driven by a top-heavy stellar initial mass function at early cosmic times which is an efficient producer of stellar mass black holes. The implication is that supermassive black holes likely arise from seeds formed through the coalescence of 3-100 Msun mass black holes that then accrete gas produced through stellar interaction processes.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, submitted to the Astrophysical Journal, comments welcom

Implementation of Fuzzy Controller for Capacitor Voltage Balance in MMC for PV based Induction Motor Drive

This paper discusses the capacitor voltage balance in MMC controlled by the space vector PWM technique. The proposed converter is included with four sub-modules each comprising a half-bridge converter with a DC link capacitor. An optimized control structure for capacitor voltage balance with the conventional PI controller is simulated compared to the updated visual system controller that changes the standard control. The converter function is analyzed with the comparison of settling times of the DC link capacitors voltages in each module. The performance of the induction motor is analyzed by connected to this converter generating speed and torque characteristic parameters. The architecture and analysis was performed using the MATLAB Simulink software, which uses the powergui function to create time-based graphs

ENDOMETRIOSIS – AN AYURVEDIC DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT

Motherhood is the greatest gift conferred to woman by God. Hence he created woman with different anatomical and physiological considerations when compared to man. Therefore unlike man, woman is subjected to various diseases mainly pertaining to her reproductive system. A few of these diseases may disturb her womanhood and a few may land her in life threatening conditions if not treated properly. One such disease is endometriosis. Endometriosis is a disease in which ectopic endometrial tissues are found outside the inner lining of the uterus. Patient experiences severe pain which may be gradually worsening. This ectopic endometrial tissue behaves as normal endometrial tissue and bleeds every month. This blood may become encysted and form chocolate cyst which may rupture also. At this stage surgical intervention is required or the life of the patient may be in threat. Hence a management which not only treats endometriosis but also prevents the chocolate cyst formation is highly essential. According to Ayurveda endometriosis can be compared to “Vyana Avruta Apana Vata” and has to be managed accordingly. Management principles include Amachikitsa, Vyana Avruta Apana Vata Chikitsa, and Samana therapies. Life style and diet modifications are also to be advocated as their role in the establishment of any disease cannot be ignored. Certain Ayuredic medicines possessing the above properties and are helpful in the clinical management of endometriosis will be discussed in this full paper

CARMA observations of massive Planck-discovered cluster candidates at z>0.5 associated with WISE overdensities: Breaking the size-flux degeneracy

We use a Bayesian software package to analyze CARMA-8 data towards 19 unconfirmed Planck SZ-cluster candidates from Rodriguez-Gonzalvez et al. (2015), that are associated with significant overdensities in WISE. We used two cluster parameterizations, one based on a (fixed shape) generalized-NFW pressure profile and another based on a beta-gas-density profile (with varying shape parameters) to obtain parameter estimates for the nine CARMA-8 SZ-detected clusters. We find our sample is comprised of massive, Y_{500}=0.0010 \pm 0.0015 arcmin^2, relatively compact, theta_{500}= 3.9 \pm 2.0 arcmin systems. Results from the beta model show that our cluster candidates exhibit a heterogeneous set of brightness-temperature profiles. Comparison of Planck and CARMA-8 measurements showed good agreement in Y_{500} and an absence of obvious biases. We estimated the total cluster mass M_{500} as a function of z for one of the systems; at the preferred photometric redshift of 0.5, the derived mass, M_{500} \approx 0.8 \pm 0.2 \times 10^{15} Msun. Spectroscopic Keck/MOSFIRE data confirmed a galaxy member of one of our cluster candidates to be at z=0.565. Applying a Planck prior in Y_{500} to the CARMA-8 results reduces uncertainties for both parameters by a factor >4, relative to the independent Planck or CARMA-8 measurements. We here demonstrate a powerful technique to find massive clusters at intermediate z \gtrsim 0.5 redshifts using a cross-correlation between Planck and WISE data, with high-resolution follow-up with CARMA-8. We also use the combined capabilities of Planck and CARMA-8 to obtain a dramatic reduction by a factor of several, in parameter uncertainties.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figures, appearing in MNRAS (responded to referee report

Preconcentration and Heavy Minerals Separation with Low Grade Beach Sand Sample from Narsapur Coast, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh

India is blessed with large reserves of strategic and economically important heavy minerals such as Ilmenite, Rutile, Leucoxene, Zircon, Monazite, Garnet and Sillimanite. These deposits are mostly located in the coastal stretches of peninsular India covering states of Orissa, Andhra pradesh, Tamil nadu, Kerala and Maharastra

Operationalizing FSM regulations at city level: a case study of Warangal, India

Warangal is the first city in India to introduce and operationalize Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) regulation. Evidence based advocacy, leadership at city level, citizen awareness campaigns, capacity building of stakeholders particularly the mechanised desludging operators, extensive use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools for monitoring have played an important role in operationalizing the regulation. The City government through FSM regulation has successfully introduced : a) empanelment and training of masons (as toilet builders) to ensure toilets are built as per design principles, b) site inspection by the sanitation team prior to issuance of building plan approval, c) licences to operate mechanised desludging and service level agreement with private operators d) usage of personal protective equipment by the desludging operators e) a mobile app in vernacular language for record keeping on desludging f) a dedicated helpline for citizens to seek support on FSM operations and g) awareness campaigns on safe FSM and scheduled desludging. Lessons from Warangal are being scaled up through introduction of State level FSM regulation and operational guidelines

A tracked approach for automated NMR assignments in proteins (TATAPRO)

A novel automated approach for the sequence specific NMR assignments of 1HN, 13C&#945;, 13C&#946;, 13C'/1H&#945; and 15N spins in proteins, using triple resonance experimental data, is presented. The algorithm, TATAPRO (Tracked AuTomated Assignments in Proteins) utilizes the protein primary sequence and peak lists from a set of triple resonance spectra which correlate 1HN and 15N chemical shifts with those of 13C&#945;, 13C&#946; and 13C'/1H&#945;. The information derived from such correlations is used to create a 'master list' consisting of all possible sets of 1HN i, 15Ni, 13C&#945; i, 13C&#946; i, 13C'i/1H&#945; i, 13C&#945; i-1, 13C&#946; i-1 and 13C'i-1/ 1H&#945; i-1 chemical shifts. On the basis of an extensive statistical analysis of 13C&#945; and 13C&#946; chemical shift data of proteins derived from the BioMagResBank (BMRB), it is shown that the 20 amino acid residues can be grouped into eight distinct categories, each of which is assigned a unique two-digit code. Such a code is used to tag individual sets of chemical shifts in the master list and also to translate the protein primary sequence into an array called pps array. The program then uses the master list to search for neighbouring partners of a given amino acid residue along the polypeptide chain and sequentially assigns a maximum possible stretch of residues on either side. While doing so, each assigned residue is tracked in an array called assig array, with the two-digit code assigned earlier. The assig_array is then mapped onto the pps array for sequence specific resonance assignment. The program has been tested using experimental data on a calcium binding protein from Entamoeba histolytica (Eh-CaBP, 15 kDa) having substantial internal sequence homology and using published data on four other proteins in the molecular weight range of 18-42 kDa. In all the cases, nearly complete sequence specific resonance assignments (&gt; 95%) are obtained. Furthermore, the reliability of the program has been tested by deleting sets of chemical shifts randomly from the master list created for the test proteins