Integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta. 2. Identificação e implantação de forrageiras na integração lavoura-pecuária.

RESUMO: Nos sistemas de integração Lavoura-Pecuária (iLP) existem arranjos e métodos de formação de pastagens que permitem aumentar a produção animal e alterar o ambiente, tornando-o mais favorável à produção de grãos. O cultivo de forrageiras solteiras ou em consórcio com culturas tem crescido, mas este assunto é novo para muitos técnicos e agricultores que têm dificuldade na identificação das espécies e cultivares de forrageiras. Com isso, eles têm dificuldade em implantar as pastagens e estabelecer seu manejo. Existem algumas características morfológicas, relacionadas à folha, à presença de cera e pelos e ao tipo de inflorescência, que permitem a identificação das cultivares de forrageira no campo, com facilidade. Entre as forrageiras disponíveis no mercado existem algumas como milheto, sorgo, Panicum maximum e Brachiaria spp., que apresentam características mais favoráveis ao cultivo em sistemas de iLP. Algumas forrageiras estabelecem com facilidade e são mais produtivas durante a estação seca e, ainda, são controladas com menor dose de herbicida e morrem com maior rapidez. Assim, é necessário menos tempo entre a dessecação e o estabelecimento de uma nova cultura em sucessão. Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration System. 2. Identifying and Establishing Forages in Integrated Crop-Livestock. ABSTRACT: There are arrangements and methods to establishing pasture in croplivestock integration systems (CLI) that may increase animal production and change cropping environment, making it more favorable to grain production. Cultivation of forages, either alone or mixed with other crops, has been improved, but this is a new subject to many farmers and technicians who have difficulty in identifying forage species and cultivars. Therefore, it is hard to assess forage establishment and appropriate management. There are some morphological characteristics related to leaves, to waxy and pubescence and to type of inflorescence which make easy to identify different cultivars in the field. Pearl millet, sorghum, Panicum maximum and Brachiaria spp. are some commercial forages which are suitable to CLI systems. Some forages are easily established and are more productive during dry season; additionally, they are burned down with a lower dose of herbicide and die more quickly. So, the time between the desiccation and the establishment of a new crop in succession is shorter.bitstream/item/60551/1/DOC.111.2011.CPAO.pd

Normative data for optic disc vertical cup-to-disc ratio and intraocular pressure in London 2012 competitors and support teams

Background / Aims The aims of this study were to identify normative values in vertical cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements in a unique sample of competitors and non-competitors at London 2012 according to continents and geographical sub-regions and find a suitable tool for mapping results across the world. Methods Data from all patients seen in the eye clinic for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games were used in this study. Patients were categorized into countries using the United Nations Geographical Sub-regions classification. All patients underwent a full optometric eye examination and clinical details including cup-to-disc ratio were recorded. Intraocular pressures were also recorded via non contact methods using the Topcon TRK-1P. Data was analyzed using R statistical software and SPSS. Continent and sub-continent level choropleth maps were produced using GGPlot2 package. Results Our study used a sample of 2,077 patients for analysis. The mean age across all the continents ranged from 43.44 years in the Americas to 47.11 years in Europe with an overall mean age of 45.12 (SD = 13.62 years). A CDR was recorded in 1,566 right eyes (OD). A Games-Howell post-hoc test revealed that Africa had statistically significantly larger CDRs (0.34 +/- 0.16) than both Europe (0.29 +/- 0.12, p = 0.00) and Asia (0.31, 0.15, p = 0.04) in this unique sample. In addition, within geographical sub-regions, Western Africa had statistically larger CDRs (0.36 +/- 0.18) than Western Asia (0.27 +/- 0.14, p = 0.02), Eastern Europe (0.29 +/- 0.12, p = 0.01) and Northern Europe (0.29 +/- 0.13, p = 0.03). A total of 1,621 IOP measurements were recorded for the right eye (OD). A Tukey post-hoc test revealed that Oceania had statistically lower IOPs (15.45 +/- 2.57) than Europe (16.93 +/- 2.98, p = 0.01), Asia (16.95 +/- 2.80, p = 0.01), the Americas (16.53 +/- 2.73, p = 0.02) and Africa (16.41 +/- 3.17, p = 0.05).Within geographical sub-regions, Northern Africa had statistically significantly lower IOPs (15.85 +/- 2.92) than Western Africa (17.18 +/- 2.97, p = 0.02), Western Asia (17.58 +/- 2.83, p = 0.04) and Eastern Europe (17.10 +/- 3.06, p = 0.02). Finally, our study found that competitors had significantly smaller CDRs (U = 66583.50, p = 0.01).and lower IOPs than noncompetitors (U = 79544.50, p = 0.01). Conclusions This is the first study to map out cup-to-disc ratio and intraocular pressure in a unique sample of competitors and non-competitors at London 2012 by continent and geographical sub-regions. The authors hope that this data may have benefits globally and that data from future Olympic and Paralympic Games can be added to this information to produce larger, more comprehensive data sets in the future

Comportamento de genótipos de milho safrinha em duas épocas de semeadura em Dourados, MS.

bitstream/item/65362/1/29896.pdfOrganizado por Gessi Ceccon e Luiz Alberto Staut

Desempenho de feijão-caupi de porte ereto e semi-ereto na região Ecótono Cerrado-Pantanal.

No Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul as cultivares e linhagens de feijão-caupi apresentam ampla variabilidade o que justifica a realização de ensaios regionalizados com o intuito de se definir aquelas com maior potencial produtivo. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de 16 genótipos de feijão-caupi desenvolvidos pela Embrapa Meio Norte (Teresina-PI), entre linhagens avançadas e cultivares comerciais, na região ?ecótono cerrado-pantanal? do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade de Aquidauana, na safra da seca do período agrícola 2010/2011.CONAC 2012. Disponível em: http://www.conac2012.org/resumos/pdf/050g.pdf. Acesso em: 03 jul. 2013

Characterization of humic fractions in leachates from soil under organic and conventional management and their interactions with the root zone

Humic fractions were shown to be closely involved in gene expression and promotion of different PM H+-ATPase isoforms, as well as in lateral root development, indicating an enhanced nutrient absorption capacity of the plant root system. HPLC-SEC confirmed that water-soluble humic substances (WSHS) correspond to a subfraction of the fulvic fraction of humic substances. This was supported by E465/E665 ratios higher than 8.5. These ratios generally increased over the growing season in cultivated soils but showed significant differences between conventionally and organically managed bare soils. FTIR data and the analytical quantification of carboxyls confirmed relevant structural changes in bare soil under both organic and conventional farming management. Absorption intensities ratios at 1,590–1,570 cm-1 and 1,440–1,380 cm-1 showed the predominant aliphatic character of these molecules