154 research outputs found
Caracterização dos idosos usuários de medicação residentes em instituição de longa permanência
Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar os idosos residentes em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência quanto ao uso de medicamentos e verificar a existência de polifarmácia. Trata-se de estudo descritivo e quantitativo, realizado por meio de dados de um banco originado da pesquisa Perfil de idosos residentes numa Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPIs): proposta de ação de enfermagem/saúde. Foram selecionados 39 idosos que faziam uso de medicação. Os achados evidenciaram predominância de mulheres, com idade entre 80 e 89 anos, que sabem ler e são viúvas. As doenças do aparelho circulatório foram as mais frequentes. Os idosos usavam em média 3,7 medicamentos e 30,8% deles utilizavam polifarmácia. Os medicamentos mais usados foram para as intercorrências do sistema cardiovascular. Verificou-se a presença de medicamentos considerados impróprios para idosos. Espera-se sensibilizar os profissionais de saúde a promoverem o uso racional e cuidadoso de medicamentos para os idosos institucionalizados
INVESTIGATION Physiological and lifestyle factors contributing to risk and severity of peri-orbital dark circles in the Brazilian population*
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Peri-orbital dark circles are a cosmetic concern worldwide, and have been attributed to hyperpigmentation from allergy or atopic dermatitis, blood stasis, structural shadowing effects, and a thin epidermis/dermis under the eye. It is of interest to better understand lifestyle and demographic risk factors and the relative impact of melanin, blood and epidermal/dermal factors on the severity of Peri-orbital dark circles. OBJECTIVE: To compare by non-invasive imaging the impact of biological factors to a visual grading scale for Peri-orbital dark circles, and test the correlation of various demographic factors with Peri-orbital dark circles. METHODS: Subjects completed a lifestyle and health survey, and Peri-orbital dark circles severity was evaluated using standardized photographs. Hyperspectral image analysis was used to assess the contributions of melanin, blood volume, degree of blood oxygen saturation, and dermal scattering. RESULTS: Family history was the most signifi cant risk factor for Peri-orbital dark circles. The average age of onset was 24 years, and earlier onset correlated with higher severity scores. Asthma was signifi cantly associated with Peri-orbital dark circles scores, but self-reported allergy was not. In this study, sleep was not correlated with Peri-orbital dark circles scores. Hyperspectral imaging indicated that melanin was the dominant correlate for Peri-orbital dark circles severity, while oxygen saturation was secondary. The difference between under-eye and cheek measurements for ∆L*and ∆E* were the most signifi cant instrumental parameters correlated with visual assessment of Peri-orbital dark circles severity. CONCLUSION: Although typically associated with lack of sleep, risk of Peri-orbital dark circles is primarily hereditary. The main factors contributing to the appearance of Peri-orbital dark circles are melanin and (deoxygenated) blood
Formal caregivers of older adults: reflection about their practice
OBJECTIVE To understand the job function of caregivers of older adults and contribute to the debate on the consolidation of this professional practice. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES This is a descriptive, qualitative, and exploratory study. Four focal group sessions were performed in 2011 with 11 elderly companions, formal caregivers of older adults in the Programa Acompanhante de Idosos (Program for Caregivers of Older Adults), Sao Paulo, SP, Southeastern Brazil. These sessions, guided by a semi-structured script, were audio-recorded and fully transcribed. Data were analyzed using the Content Analysis technique, Thematic Modality. RESULTS In view of considering the caregivers of older adults as a new category of workers, it was difficult to define their duties. The elderly companions themselves as well as the care receivers, their families, and the professionals that comprised the team were unclear about their duties. The professional practice of these formal caregivers has been built on the basis of constant discussions and negotiations among them and other team members in Programa Acompanhante de Idosos during daily work. This was achieved via a recognition process of their job functions and by setting apart other workers’ exclusive responsibilities. CONCLUSIONS The delimitation of specific job functions for elderly companions is currently one of the greatest challenges faced by these workers to develop and consolidate their professional role as well as improve Programa Acompanhante de Idosos
A "masculinização" da produção de leite.
O fortalecimento de organizações sociais que possibilitaram fazer da produção de leite uma atividade destinada ao mercado provocou profundas mudanças na divisão sexual do trabalho. A análise sociológica das trocas intradomiciliares nos estabelecimentos rurais familiares mostra que tradições culturais, diferenças de poder entre os gêneros e contextos sociais que ampliam diferenças de acesso aos mercados entre homens e mulheres são as bases sociais e culturais de uma hierarquia estruturada segundo sexo e geração, no qual as mulheres, especialmente as mais jovens, ocupam posições de grande desvantagem. Com o fortalecimento de cooperativas, a produção de leite passou a ocupar um lugar de destaque no provimento de recursos da famÃlia, mas o domÃnio da atividade foi deslocado para o controle masculino. Esse foi um dos resultados não esperados da forma como as organizações conduziram o processo de modernização da produção e de reestruturação dos mercados, que reforçaram ainda mais o domÃnio masculino sobre a produção familiar e um aumento das desigualdades de gênero no acesso aos recursos
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