1998 CSREES Wild Blueberry Project Results

The 1998 edition of the CSREES Wild Blueberry Project Results was prepared for the Maine Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Separation of Maggot Infested Blueberries in the IQF Processing Line 2. Assessment of Preharvest Treatments on Wild blueberry Fruit Quality 3. Blueberries as a Natural Colorant for Breakfast Cereals 4. Factors Affecting Quality of IQF Wild Blueberries 5. Control Tactics for Wild blueberry Pest Insects 6. Biology and Ecology of Wild blueberry Pest Insects 7. Sustainable Pollination of Wild blueberry 8. Evaluation of Foliar Fungicides for Control of Mummy Berry 9. Phosphorus/Nitrogen Fertilizer Ratio 10. Effect of Boron Application Methods on Boron Uptake in Wild Blueberries 11. Effect of Zinc Application on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberries 12. Effect of Soil pH of Nutrient Uptake 13. Crop Year Fertilization of Wild blueberry 14. Effect of Fertilizer Timing on Wild blueberry Growth and Productivity 15. Alternative Methods of Grass Control 16. Cultural Weed Management Using pH 17. Investigation of Hexazinone Alternatives for Weed Control 18. Evaluation of Hexazinone Applications in the Cropping Year 19. Effect of Surfactant and Ammonium Sulfate on Glyphosate Activity 20. Evaluation of Pronone MG® Spot Treatments for Control of St Jobnswort, Dogbane, Bracken Fem, Witch Grass/Fall Panicum and Bunchberry 21. Hexazinone Groundwater Surve

1997 Wild Blueberry Progress Reports

The 1997 edition of the Wild Blueberry Progress Reports was prepared for the Wild Blueberry Commission of Maine and the Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Investigation of processing damage of IQF blueberries 2. Use of sorter rejects and wild blueberry puree to prevent warmed over flavor in processed beef patties 3. Factors affecting the quality of IQF wild blueberries 4. Determination of pesticide residue levels in fresh and processed wild blueberries 5. Pollination ecology of wild blueberries in Maine 6. Control tactics for wild blueberry pest insects 7. IPM Strategies 8. Pest Biology 9. Effect of antidessication treatments on wild blueberry cold temperature tolerance 10. Phosphorus/nitrogen fertilizer ratio 11. Effect of boron application methods on boron uptake in wild blueberries 12. Effect of foliar zinc application on growth and yield of wild blueberries 13. Effect of soil pH on nutrient uptake 14. Crop year fertilization of wild blueberry 15. Effect of Photomag® on growth and yield of wild blueberries 16. Evaluation of Pronone MG® spot treatments for control of St. Johnswort, dogbane, bracken fern, witch grass/fall panicum and bunchberry 17. Effect of hexazinone formulation on movement through the soil profile 18. Effect of time of fall pruning on wild blueberry fruit set and yield 19. Effect of pre and postemergence herbicide applications on control of grasses 20. Hexazinone groundwater survey 21. Effect of plant source and density on spread of wild blueberry 22. Effect of surfactant and ammonium sulfate on glyphosate activity 23. Effect of crop year application of hexazinone on weed control, yield and hexazinone residue. 24. Long term effects of tribenuron methyl on wild blueberries and weed species composition 25. Effect of Velpar® DF/MAP on wild blueberry fruit set and yield. 26. Effect of reduced volume lmidan® 2.5 EC UL V applications on wild blueberry residue and efficacy 27. Wild blueberry extension education progra

1996 Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports/1996 Wild Blueberry Tax Reports

The 1996 edition of the Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports/Wild Blueberry Tax Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports: 1. Factors affecting the quality of Individually Quick Frozen (IQF) wild blueberries 2. Factors affecting the physical and chemical properties of IQF wild blueberries 3. Preventing the bleeding of blueberry fruit in bakery products 4. Amylase test development 5. Determination of pesticide residue levels in freshly harvested and processed wild blueberries 6. Sustainable pollination of wild blueberry 7. Potential for biological control of insect pests of wild blueberry 8. Effect of desiccation on wild blueberry winter survival and cold temperature tolerance 9. Population variation in low-temperature tolerance of wild blueberry 10. Influence of flower delaying sprays on seasonal variation of low temperature tolerance in wild blueberry 11. Effect of various levels of disbudding on yield of wild blueberry 12. Effect of boron and the polyamine putrescine on wild blueberry fruit set and yield 13. Effect of soil pH on nutrient uptake 14. Phosphorus uptake 15. Correcting boron deficiency 16. Hexazinone groundwater survey 17. Effect of time of fall pruning on growth and productivity of wild blueberries 18. Evaluation of Pronone® spot treatments for control of St. Johnswort, dogbane, bracken fern, witch grass/fall panicum and bunchberry 19. Effect of hexazinone formulation on movement through the soil profile 20. Effect of plant source and density on spread of wild blueberry Wild Blueberry Tax Reports: 21. Control of wild blueberry diseases 22. Control of wild blueberry pest insects 23. Biology and action thresholds of secondary blueberry pest insects 24. Phosphorus/nitrogen fertilizer ratio 25. Effect of surfactant and ammonium sulfate on glyphosate activity 26. Blueberry Extension Education Program Bas

Wild Blueberries 1999 CSREES Progress Reports

The 1999 edition of the Wild Blueberries CSREES Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Effects of QF Processing on Microbiological Quality of Maine Wild Blueberries 2. Separation of Maggot-Infested Blueberries in the IQF Processing Line 3. Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels in Fresh and Processed Wild Blueberries 4. Control Tactics for Blueberry Pest Insects 5. IPM Strategies 6. Biology and Ecology of Blueberry Pest Insects 7. Survey of Stem Blight and Leaf Spot Diseases in Lowbush Blueberry Fields 8. Phosphorus/Nitrogen Fertilizer Ratio 9. Effect of Fertilizer Timing on Lowbush Blueberry Growth and Productivity 10. Effect of Soil pH on Nutrient Uptake 11. Effect of Boron Application Methods on Boron Uptake in Lowbush Blueberries 12. Effect of Nutri-Phite P+K on growth and yield of lowbush blueberry 13. Effect of Crop-Set on growth and yield of lowbush blueberry 14. Crop year fertilization of lowbush blueberry 15. Alternative Methods of Grass Control 16. Cultural Weed Management Using pH 17. Investigation of Hexazinone Alternatives for Weed Control 18. Comparison of Sulfosate and Glyphosate for Weed Control 19. Evaluation of VC1447 for Weed Control in Wild blueberries 20. Blueberry/ Cranberry Extension Education Program in 1999 21. Effect of Rate, Formulation and Application Method on Efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Granular Hexazinone in Wild Blueberry Fields 22. 1999 Fungicide Evaluation Field Trial 23. 1999 Hexazinone Groundwater Survey Pollination 24. Sustainable Pollination of Wild Blueberr

2001 Wild Blueberry CSREES Project Reports

The 2001 edition of the Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Effect of Wild Blueberry Products on Oxidation in Meat Based Food Systems 2. Factors Affecting the Microbial and Pesticide Residues Levels on Wild Blueberries 3. Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels in Fresh and Processed Wild Blueberries 4. Separation of Maggot-Infested Wild Blueberries in the IQF Processing Line 5. Water Use of Wild Blueberries and the Impact of Plant Water Stress on Yields 6. Survey of Stem Blight and Leaf Spot Diseases in Wild Blueberry Fields 7. IPM Strategies 8. Control Tactics for Wild Blueberry Pest Insects, 2001 9. Biology and Ecology of Blueberry Pest Insects 10. Diurnal Bee Activity and Measurement of Honeybee Field Strength 11. Effect of Foliar-applied Iron (Fe) Chelate Concentration on Leaf Iron Concentration, Wild Blueberry Growth and Yield 12. Effect of Boron Application Methods on Boron Uptake in Wild Blueberries 13. Effect of Foliar Iron and Copper Application on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberries 14. Effect of Fertilizer Timing on Wild Blueberry Growth and Productivity 15. Effect of Foliar Copper Application on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberries 16. Effect of Prune-year Applications of Nutri-Phitetm P or Nutri-Phitetm P+K on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) 17. Effect of Soil pH on Nutrient Uptake 18. Assessment of Azafenidin for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries 19. Assessment of Rimsulfuron for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries 20. Assessment of Pendimethalin for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries 21. Evaluation and Demonstration of Techniques for Filling in Bare Spots in Wild Blueberry Fields 22. Assessment of Sprout-less Weeder for Hardwood Control in Wild Blueberries 23. Wild Blueberry Extension Education Program in 2001 24. Evaluation of Fungicide Efficacy in Wild Blueberry Fields 25. 2001 Pesticide Groundwater Survey 26. Cultural Weed Management Using Sulfur to Lower the pH 27. Wild Blueberry Web Sit

2003 Wild Blueberry Project Reports

The 2003 edition of the Wild Blueberry Project Reports was prepared for the Wild Blueberry Commission of Maine and the Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Factors Affecting the Microbial and Pesticide Residues Levels on Lowbush Blueberries 2. Effect of Blueberry Products on Oxidation in Ground Beef Patties 3. Infestation Detection using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy 4. Whole Wild Blueberries and Arterial Functional Properties 5. Irrigation Water use in Wild Blueberry Production 7. Control Tactics for Blueberry Pest Insects 8. IPM Strategies 9. Biology and Ecology of Blueberry Pest Insects, 2003 10. Wild Blueberry Pollination Research 11. Stem Blight/Dieback and Leaf Spot Diseases in Wild Blueberry Fields 12. Effect of Foliar N spray on Leaf N Concentration, Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberries 13. Effect of Foliar Spray (4-13-15) on Leaf Nutrient Concentration, Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberries 14. Effect of Foliar Copper Application on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberries 15. Effect of Foliar Copper and/or Iron Application on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberries 16. Effect of Soil pH on Nutrient Uptake. 17. Effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and CPPU on Fruit Set and Yield of Wild Blueberry after low temperature flower stress 18. Effect of Fertilizer Timing (prune year vs. crop year) on Wild Blueberry Growth and Productivity. 19. Assessment of Hexazinone Alternatives for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries and Weed Control and Field Cover Program Base 20. Evaluation of Fall Applications of Sulfonylurea Herbicides for Bunchberry Control in Wild Blueberries 21. Assessment of clean-cut adapter on hand clippers for weed control in wild blueberries 22. Evaluation and Demonstration of Techniques for Filling in Bare Spots in Wild Blueberry Fields 23. Blueberry Extension Education Program in 2003 24. 2003 Pesticide Groundwater Survey 25. Cultural Weed Management using Sulfur to lower the p

2004 Wild Blueberry Project Progress Reports

The 2004 edition of the Wild Blueberry Project Progress Reports was prepared for the Wild Blueberry Commission of Maine and the Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels in Freshly Harvested and Processed Lowbush Blueberries 2. Effect of Wild Blueberry Products on Physical, Chemical, Microbiological and Sensory Quality of Soy-Based and Ground Beef Patties 3. Evaluation of Emerging Disinfection Technologies for Wild Blueberry Processing 4. Detection of Infested Blueberries using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Spectra Collection 5. Health Claims for Wild Blueberries 6. Wild blueberries and Arterial Functional Properties 7. Irrigation Water Use in Wild Blueberry Production 8. Insect Control Tactics for Blueberry Pest Insects & Program Base 9. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Strategies 10. Biology and Ecology of Blueberry Insect Pests 11. Stem Blight/Dieback and Leaf Spot Diseases in Lowbush Blueberry Fields 12. . Evaluation of fungicide control of mummy berry blight in wild blueberries: a) ground application and b) aerial application 13. Effect of Foliar Copper Application on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberries 14. Effect of Soil pH on Nutrient Uptake 15. Effect of Fertilizer Timing (prune year vs. crop year) on Wild Blueberry Growth and Productivity 16. Raising Foliar Nitrogen by Application of CoRoN 17. Effect of Manganese on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberry 18. Assessment of Hexazinone Alternatives for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries and Field Cover Program Base 19. Evaluation of Fall Applications of Sulfonylurea Herbicides for Bunchberry Control in Wild Blueberries 20. Evaluation and Demonstration of Techniques for Filling in Bare Spots in Wild Blueberry Fields 21. Assessment of Evitol for Sedge Control in Wild Blueberries 22. Cultural Weed Management Using pH 23. 2004 Pesticide Groundwater Survey 24. Wild Blueberry Extension Education Program in 200

1995 CSREES Reports

The 1995 edition of the CSREES Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Factors Affecting the Quality of IQF Blueberries 2. Preventing the Bleeding of Blueberry Fruit in Bakery Products 3. Removing Water from Blueberries Before Freezing 4. Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels in Freshly Harvested and Processed Lowbush Blueberries 5. Industrial Ingredients from Cull Blueberries 6. Application of Heat as a Method of Controlling Secondary Pest Insects on Lowbush Blueberries 7. The Phenology and Biology of Bumble Bees, Bombus, spp., that Pollinate Lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium spp., in Maine 8. Pollination Ecology of Lowbush Blueberry in Maine 9. Effects of Irrigation on Lowbush Blueberry Yield 10. Effect of Brief Warming Treatments on Late Winter Low-Temperature Tolerance of Native Lowbush Blueberry 11. Correlation of Late-winter/Early-spring Cold Hardiness with Date of Flowering 12. Evaluation of Cold Tolerance of Opening Flowers of Lowbush Blueberry 13. Influence of Flower Delaying Sprays on Seasonal Variation of Low Temperature Tolerance in Lowbush Blueberry 14. Effect of Various Levels of Disbudding on Yield of Lowbush Blueberry 15. Effect of Boron and the Polyamine Putrescine on Lowbush Blueberry Fruit Set and Yield 16. Effect of Boron and the Polyamine Putrescine on Extending the Receptivity of Lowbush Blueberry Blossoms 17. Effect of Soil pH on Nutrient Uptake 18. Correcting Boron Deficiency - missing 19. Phosphorus Uptake 20. Evaluation of Hexazinone Formulation on Soil Movement and Weed Control 21. Effect of Time of Fall Pruning on Growth and Productivity of Blueberries 22. Hexazinone Ground Water Survey 23. Effect of hexazinone formulation on movement through the soil profile 24. Evaluation of Tribenuron Methyl for Bunchberry Control 25. Evaluation of Tribenuron Methyl Commercial Applications for Bunchberry Control 26. Effectiveness of Resin-Exchange Columns to Determine Efficacy in Removing Hexazinone from Well Water 27. Effect of Clopyralid for Vetch Control 28. Evaluation of Tribenuron Methyl/Velpar® Tank Mix for Bunchberry Control 29. Blueberry Extension Education Progra

2006 Lowbush Blueberry Project Reports

The 2006 edition of the Lowbush Blueberry Project Reports was prepared for the Wild Blueberry Commission of Maine and the Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Evaluation of Emerging Disinfection Technologies for Wild Blueberry Processing 2. Incorporation of wild blueberry puree into a soy-based burger and its effect on sensory and chemical properties of the broiled burgers 3. Infestation Detection using NIRS 4. Mechanism of Action through which Wild Blueberries affect Arterial Functional Properties in Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats 5. Practical Microbial Control Approach for Wild Blueberries and their Antimicrobial Property 6. Wild Blueberry Consumption and Risks for Cardiovascular Disease 7. Irrigation Water use in Wild Blueberry Production 8. Control Tactics for Blueberry Pest Insects & Program Base 9. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Strategies 10. Biology and Ecology of Blueberry Insect Pests, 2006 11. Research on Wild Blueberry Diseases for 2006-2007 12. Effect of Soil pH on Nutrient Uptake 13. Effect of Manganese on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberry 14. Effects of Summer Foliar Fertilization to Increase Branch Length and Flower Bud Formation in the Prune Year 15. Effects of Phosphite Foliar Fertilizers on disease control and fruit set of wild blueberry 16. Assessment of Hexazinone Alternatives for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries 17. Evaluation of Fall Applications of Tribenuron Methyl for Bunchberry Control in Wild Blueberries 18. Evaluation of spot treatments of Tribenuron Methyl, Ultim and Roundup for weed control in Wild Blueberries 19. Blueberry Extension Education Program 20. Cultural Weed Management Using p

1994 CSRS Research Reports/1994 Blueberry Tax Reports

The 1994 edition of the CSRS Research Reports/Blueberry Tax Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: CSRS Research Reports 1. Potential Uses for Green and Red Cull Blueberries 2. Preventing the Bleeding of Blueberry Fruit in Bakery Products 3. The Effect of Fertilization and Irrigation on Blueberry Fruit Quality 4. Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels in Freshly Harvested and Processed Lowbush Blueberries 5. The Effect of Mechanical Harvesting on Blueberry Fruit Quality 6. Removing Water from Blueberries Before Freezing 7. Application of Heat as a Method of Controlling Secondary Pest Insects in Lowbush Blueberries 8. Evaluation of Effectiveness of Eumenid Wasps for Biocontrol of Blueberry Pests 9. Pollination Ecology of Lowbush Blueberry in Maine 10. Fungicide Treatment for Control of Monilinia Blight 11. Field Sanitation for Control of Monilinia Blight 12. Cold-hardiness of Native Lowbush Blueberry 13. Phosphorus Dose/Response Curve 14. Multiple Cropping of Wild Blueberry Stands 15. Effect of Soil pH on Nutrient Uptake 16. Effect of Boron and Calcium on Lowbush Blueberry Fruit Set and Yield 17. Effect of Time of Fall Pruning on Growth and Productivity of Lowbush Blueberries 18. A Reinvestigation of the Economics of Mechanical Harvesting 19. Thresholds of Mechanical and Chemical Weed Controls in Wild Blueberries 20. Evaluation of Pressurized Rope Wick Master Wiper for Treating Weeds Growing Above Lowbush Blueberries 21. Evaluation of Infrared Burner for Selective Weed Control Blueberry Tax Reports 22. Control of Blueberry Pest Insects 23. Biology and Action Thresholds of Secondary Blueberry Pest Insects 24. Pollination Ecology of Low bush Blueberry in Maine 25. Nitrogen-Phosphorus Study 26. Evaluation of Pronone 10G for Control of Weeds in Lowbush Blueberries 27. Evaluation of Tribenuron Methyl for Bunchberry Control 28. Evaluation of Pendimethalin for Control of Annual Grasses in Lowbush Blueberries 29. Evaluation of Time of Application of Clopyralid for Control of Vetch, and Effect on Flowering of Lowbush Blueberries 30. Hexazinone Ground Water survey 31. Blueberry Extension Program Base 32. Blueberry ICM Program for Hancock Count