38 research outputs found
The opposite of Dante's hell? The transfer of ideas for social housing at international congresses in the 1850s–1860s
With the advent of industrialization, the question of developing adequate housing for the emergent working classes became more pressing than before. Moreover, the problem of unhygienic houses in industrial cities did not stop at the borders of a particular nation-state; sometimes literally as pandemic diseases spread out 'transnationally'. It is not a coincidence that in the nineteenth century the number of international congresses on hygiene and social topics expanded substantially. However, the historiography about social policy in general and social housing in particular, has often focused on individual cases because of the different pace of industrial and urban development and is thus dominated by national perspectives. In this paper, I elaborate on transnational exchange processes and local adaptations and transformations. I focus on the transfer of the housing model of SOMCO in Mulhouse, (a French house building association) during social international congresses. I examine whether cross-national networking enabled and facilitated the implementation of ideas on the local scale. I will elaborate on the transmission and the local adaptation of the Mulhouse-model in Belgium. Convergences, divergences, and different factors that influenced the local transformations (personal choice, political situation, socioeconomic circumstances) will be taken into accoun
The movement from ethics to social relationships for Levinas, and why decency obscures obligation
Methodology for a Variable Rate Control Strategy Development in Continuous Manufacturing Applied to Twin-screw Wet-Granulation and Continuous Fluid-bed Drying
The opposite of Dante’s hell? The transfer of ideas for social housing at international congresses in the 1850s–1860s
Interakce mezi spotřebou energie, CO2 a ekonomickým rozvojem v zemích Evropské unie Interakce mezi spotřebou energie, CO2 a hospodářským rozvojem v zemích Evropské unie Interakce mezi spotřebou energie, CO2 a hospodářským rozvojem v zemích Evropské unie
Sustainable development has become a major problem in European Union (EU) countries. This has prompted many researchers to examine a broad range of interactions among sustainable development indicators. This study uses the variance decomposition and cointegration approach to assess the causal relationship among energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and economic development (gross domestic product [GDP], foreign direct investment [FDI], net exports, and employment in industry) in the eight new and 15 old EU countries. The results confirm the existence of at least long-run equilibrium relationships among economic growth and energy consumption, CO2, FDI, and net exports. In addition, short-run bidirectional causality among GDP, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions is found for the old EU countries, whereas unidirectional causalities run from GDP to energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the new EU countries. Evidence from the variance decomposition analysis shows that 22% of the future shock in GDP is due to fluctuations in energy consumption, CO2, and employment in the old EU countries, whereas 53.1% emanates from CO2, employment, and FDI in the new EU countries. These findings have potentially important implications for sustainable development and environmental policy in both old and new EU countries.Udržitelný rozvoj se stal v zemích Evropské unie (EU) hlavním problémem. To přimělo mnoho vědců k prozkoumání široké škály interakcí mezi ukazateli udržitelného rozvoje. Tato studie využívá přístup k rozkladu a kointegraci variací k posouzení kauzálního vztahu mezi spotřebou energie, emisemi CO2 a ekonomickým rozvojem (hrubý domácí produkt [HDP], přímé zahraniční investice [PZI], čistý vývoz a zaměstnanost v průmyslu) v osmi nových a 15 starých zemí EU. Výsledky potvrzují existenci alespoň dlouhodobých rovnovážných vztahů mezi ekonomickým růstem a spotřebou energie, CO2, PZI a čistým exportem. U starých zemí EU je navíc zjištěna krátkodobá obousměrná příčinná souvislost mezi HDP, spotřebou energie a emisemi CO2, zatímco jednosměrné příčinné souvislosti se pohybují od HDP ke spotřebě energie a emisím CO2 v nových zemích EU. Důkazy z analýzy rozkladu rozptylu ukazují, že 22% budoucího šoku v HDP je způsobeno kolísáním spotřeby energie, CO2 a zaměstnanosti ve starých zemích EU, zatímco 53,1% pochází z CO2, zaměstnanosti a PZI v nových zemích EU . Tato zjištění mají potenciálně důležité důsledky pro udržitelný rozvoj a politiku životního prostředí ve starých i nových zemích EU