215 research outputs found
Decision Making in Optimizing a Product of a Small Scale Industry: A Bayesian Analysis Approach
This paper intends to find Expected monetary value (EMV), Expected opportunity loss (EOL) and conditional profit of the main product (Mukta) of a small scale industryββORGAMANβ situated at Jorhat District of Assam. To meet the above specific objectives, the method of Bayesian Analysis has been adopted. The data used in this endeavor is secondary in nature, collected by direct personal investigation. As per prior information, the target of the industry is to produce a minimum of 50 MT (low production) of product and a maximum of 350 MT (high production) of the same per month. The prior analysis reveals that the expected monetary value and expected opportunity loss are optimum against high production. Based on both the prior analysis and posterior analysis, it is observed that the profit for the product of the industry is maximum against high production of 350 MT per month. Although, the profit based on posterior analysis is slightly high, it seems that the additional amount of money has to be spend to collect additional information for posterior analysis
On spectra of Hermitian Randic matrix of second kind
We propose the Hermitian Randi\'c matrix , where
and if
is an unoriented edge, if , if , and 0
otherwise. This appears to be more natural because of
and . In this paper, we investigate
some features of this novel Hermitian matrix and study a few properties like
positiveness, bipartiteness, edge-interlacing etc. We also compute the
characteristic polynomial for this new matrix and obtain some upper and lower
bounds for the eigenvalues and the energy of this matrix
Liver injury in COVID-19: The hepatic aspect of the respiratory syndrome β what we know so far
Β© 2020. All Rights Reserved. The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a serious threat to global public health. Although primarily, the infection causes lung injury, liver enzyme abnormalities have also been reported to occur during the course of the disease. We conducted an extensive literature review using the PubMed database on articles covering a broad range of issues related to COVID-19 and hepatic injury. The present review summarizes available information on the spectrum of liver involvement, the possible mechanisms and risk factors of liver injury due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the prognostic significance of the presence of liver injury. Hopefully, this review will enable clinicians, especially the hepatologists, to understand and manage the liver derangements they may encounter in these atients better and provide guidance for further studies on the liver injury of COVID-19
Core shell lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles with combined docetaxel and molecular targeted therapy for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer
Many prostate cancers relapse after initial chemotherapy treatment. Combining molecular and chemotherapy together with encapsulation of drugs in nanocarriers provides effective drug delivery and toxicity reduction. We developed core shell lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (CSLPHNPs) with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) core and lipid layer containing docetaxel and clinically used inhibitor of sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) FTY720 (fingolimod). We show for the first time that FTY720 (both free and in CSLPHNPs) re-sensitizes castrate resistant prostate cancer cells and tumors to docetaxel, allowing a four-fold reduction in effective dose. Our CSLPHNPs showed high serum stability and a long shelf life. CSLPHNPs demonstrated a steady uptake by tumor cells, sustained intracellular drug release and in vitro efficacy superior to free therapies. In a mouse model of human prostate cancer, CSLPHNPs showed excellent tumor targeting and significantly lower side effects compared to free drugs, importantly, reversing lymphopenia induced by FTY720. Overall, we demonstrate that nanoparticle encapsulation can improve targeting, provide low off-target toxicity and most importantly reduce FTY720-induced lymphopenia, suggesting its potential use in clinical cancer treatment
Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (Tetrac) and nanoparticulate tetrac arrest growth of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
Context: Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) blocks angiogenic and tumor cell proliferation actions of thyroid hormone initiated at the cell surface hormone receptor on integrin alpha v beta 3. Tetrac also inhibits angiogenesis initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor.
Objective: We tested antiangiogenic and antiproliferative efficacy of tetrac and tetrac nanoparticles (tetrac NP) against human medullary thyroid carcinoma (h-MTC) implants in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and h-MTC xenografts in the nude mouse.
Design: h-MTCcells were implanted in the CAM model (n = 8 per group); effects of tetrac and tetrac NP at 1 mu g/CAM were determined on tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth after 8 d. h-MTC cells were also implanted sc in nude mice (n = 6 animals per group), and actions on established tumor growth of unmodified tetrac and tetrac NP ip were determined.
Results: In the CAM, tetrac and tetrac NP inhibited tumor growth and tumor-associated angiogenesis. In the nude mouse xenograft model, established 450-500 mm(3) h-MTC tumors were reduced in size over 21 d by both tetrac formulations to less than the initial cell mass (100 mm(3)). Tumor tissue hemoglobin content of xenografts decreased by 66% over the course of administration of each drug. RNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR of tumor cell mRNAs revealed that both tetrac formulations significantly induced antiangiogenic thrombospondin 1 and apoptosis activator gene expression.
Conclusions: Acting via a cell surface receptor, tetrac and tetrac NP inhibit growth of h-MTC cells and associated angiogenesis in CAM and mouse xenograft models.Charitable Leadership Foundation/Medical Technology Acceleration ProgramPharmaceutical Research Institute of Albany College of Pharmac
Minimalism in Radiation Synthesis of Biomedical Functional Nanogels
A scalable, single-step, synthetic approach for the manufacture of
biocompatible, functionalized micro- and nanogels is presented. In particular,
poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)-grafted-(aminopropyl)methacrylamide microgels and
nanogels were generated through e-beam irradiation of PVP aqueous solutions in
the presence of a primary amino-group-carrying monomer. Particles with
different hydrodynamic diameters and surface charge densities were obtained at
the variance of the irradiation conditions. Chemical structure was investigated by
different spectroscopic techniques. Fluorescent variants were generated through
fluorescein isothiocyanate attachment to the primary amino groups grafted to
PVP, to both quantify the available functional groups for bioconjugation and
follow nanogels localization in cell cultures. Finally, a model protein, bovine
serum albumin, was conjugated to the nanogels to demonstrate the attachment
of biologically relevant molecules for targeting purposes in drug delivery. The
described approach provides a novel strategy to fabricate biohybrid nanogels
with a very promising potential in nanomedicine
A novel a-L-Arabinofuranosidase of Family 43 Glycoside Hydrolase (Ct43Araf ) from Clostridium thermocellum
Articles in International JournalsThe study describes a comparative analysis of biochemical, structural and functional properties of two recombinant
derivatives from Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 belonging to family 43 glycoside hydrolase. The family 43 glycoside
hydrolase encoding a-L-arabinofuranosidase (Ct43Araf) displayed an N-terminal catalytic module CtGH43 (903 bp) followed
by two carbohydrate binding modules CtCBM6A (405 bp) and CtCBM6B (402 bp) towards the C-terminal. Ct43Araf and its
truncated derivative CtGH43 were cloned in pET-vectors, expressed in Escherichia coli and functionally characterized. The
recombinant proteins displayed molecular sizes of 63 kDa (Ct43Araf) and 34 kDa (CtGH43) on SDS-PAGE analysis. Ct43Araf
and CtGH43 showed optimal enzyme activities at pH 5.7 and 5.4 and the optimal temperature for both was 50uC. Ct43Araf
and CtGH43 showed maximum activity with rye arabinoxylan 4.7 Umg21 and 5.0 Umg21, respectively, which increased by
more than 2-fold in presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ salts. This indicated that the presence of CBMs (CtCBM6A and CtCBM6B) did
not have any effect on the enzyme activity. The thin layer chromatography and high pressure anion exchange
chromatography analysis of Ct43Araf hydrolysed arabinoxylans (rye and wheat) and oat spelt xylan confirmed the release of
L-arabinose. This is the first report of a-L-arabinofuranosidase from C. thermocellum having the capacity to degrade both pnitrophenol-
a-L-arabinofuranoside and p-nitrophenol-a-L-arabinopyranoside. The protein melting curves of Ct43Araf and
CtGH43 demonstrated that CtGH43 and CBMs melt independently. The presence of Ca2+ ions imparted thermal stability to
both the enzymes. The circular dichroism analysis of CtGH43 showed 48% b-sheets, 49% random coils but only 3% a-helices
Nonviral Approaches for Neuronal Delivery of Nucleic Acids
The delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to neurons has the potential to treat neurological disease and spinal cord injury. While select viral vectors have shown promise as gene carriers to neurons, their potential as therapeutic agents is limited by their toxicity and immunogenicity, their broad tropism, and the cost of large-scale formulation. Nonviral vectors are an attractive alternative in that they offer improved safety profiles compared to viruses, are less expensive to produce, and can be targeted to specific neuronal subpopulations. However, most nonviral vectors suffer from significantly lower transfection efficiencies than neurotropic viruses, severely limiting their utility in neuron-targeted delivery applications. To realize the potential of nonviral delivery technology in neurons, vectors must be designed to overcome a series of extra- and intracellular barriers. In this article, we describe the challenges preventing successful nonviral delivery of nucleic acids to neurons and review strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges
Surface-Initiated Polymer Brushes in the Biomedical Field: Applications in Membrane Science, Biosensing, Cell Culture, Regenerative Medicine and Antibacterial Coatings
- β¦