Relationship between self-esteem and burnout in nurses

زمینه و هدف: عزت نفس عامل اصلی و اساسی در سازگاری عاطفی- اجتماعی بوده و بر تمام سطوح زندگی از جمله بر فعالیت های فرد تأثیر می گذارد. با توجه به شیوع بالای فرسودگی شغلی در میان پرستاران، این مطالعه با هدف تعیین ارتباط بین عزت نفس و فرسودگی شغلی پرستاران انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- همبستگی، 300 پرستار شاغل در بخش های ICU، سوختگی و اورژانس بیمارستان های آموزشی شهر اهواز در سال 1392 به روش سرشماری انتخاب و وارد مطالعه شدند. داده ها به وسیله پرسشنامه های اطلاعات دموگرافیک، فرسودگی شغلی ماسلاچ و عزت نفس کوپر اسمیت جمع آوری و عزت نفس و فرسودگی شغلی پرستاران مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: در این مطالعه اکثریت پرستاران (248 نفر) مؤنث (7/82) بودند و میانگین سنی نمونه ها 92/4±76/30 سال بود. میانگین نمره عزت نفس پرستاران 74/28±91/81 به دست آمد. نتایج فرسودگی نشان داد اکثر پرستاران به جز در بعد شدت خستگی هیجانی و مسخ شخصیت، در سایر ابعاد دچار سطوح متوسط فرسودگی شغلی بودند. تنها میان عزت نفس و فراوانی کفایت فردی همبستگی معنی داری وجود داشت (035/0P=، 105/0-r=). بین عزت نفس و سایر ابعاد فرسودگی همبستگی مشاهده شد؛ اما این ارتباط از نظر آماری معنی دار نبود (0.0

Structural Characteristics of a Copper-Nickel Alloy Obtained by Selective Laser Smelting

A three-dimensional model from powders of a copper-nickel alloy Cu81-Ni19 composition is obtained by selective laser smelting. The 3D model microstructure is characterized by the absence of typical crystalline structure and contains elements of a quasi-amorphous state. The finished material differs from the standard monolithic cast billet with a lower surface roughness, higher hardness values while maintaining almost the same density indices. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Specific Features of the Structure and Properties of Copper-Nickel Alloy MH19, Obtained by Selective Laser Fusion

Рассмотрены структура и физико-механические свойства трехмерной модели, изготовленной методом селективного лазерного сплавления (СЛС) из порошков медноникелевого сплава МН19. Полученная 3D-модель характеризуется отсутствием характерных признаков кристаллического строения и содержит элементы квазиаморфного состояния, а также отличается от стандартной монолитной заготовки меньшей шероховатостью поверхности, более высокими значениями твердости при сохранении практически аналогичных показателей плотности.The structure and physical and mechanical properties of a three-dimensional object produced by selective laser melting (SLM) from powders of copper-nickel alloy (81Cu–19Ni) are considered. The 3D-object is characterized by the absence of the crystalline structure and contains elements of a quasi-amorphous state. More over, the 3D-model differs from the standard cast workpiece in a smaller surface roughness, higher hardness values while maintaining practically the same density indicators

Kinetics of the disorder→order transformation in the Cu - 47 at.% Pd alloy

On the basis of experimental data obtained with the help of resistometric measurements, kinetic C-curves of the isothermal disorder→order transformation have been constructed and the activation energy of the atomic ordering process in the quenched Cu - 47 at.% Pd alloy has been calculated. Deviations from the data in the literature are explained by differences in the methods of obtaining the initial disordered state of the alloy. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Interactions in vivo between the Vif protein of HIV-1 and the precursor (Pr55GAG) of the virion nucleocapsid proteins

The abnormality of viral core structure seen in vif-defective HIV-1 grown in PBMCs has suggested a role for Vif in viral morphogenesis. Using an in vivo mammalian two-hybrid assay, the interaction between Vif and the precursor (Pr55GAG) of the virion nucleocapsid proteins has been analysed. This revealed the amino-terminal (aa 1–22) and central (aa 70–100) regions of Vif to be essential for its interaction with Pr55GAG, but deletion of the carboxy-terminal (aa 158–192) region of the protein had only a minor effect on its interaction. Initial deletion studies carried out on Pr55GAG showed that a 35-amino-acid region of the protein bridging the MA(p17)–CA(p24) junction was essential for its ability to interact with Vif. Site-directed mutagenesis of a conserved tryptophan (Trp21) near the amino terminus of Vif showed it to be important for the interaction with Pr55GAG. By contrast, mutagenesis of the highly conserved YLAL residues forming part of the BC-box motif, shown to be important in Vif promoting degradation of APOBEC3G/3F, had little or no effect on the Vif–Pr55GAG interaction

The additive technology to obtain a three-dimensional model of the 81Cu-19Ni alloy

This paper is devoted to the selective laser smelting (SLS) method description for the article made of powder of a Cu81-Ni19 copper-nickel alloy and the study of the structure and characteristics of the three-dimensional article made using additive technology. To make a 3D model the copper-nickel alloy powder was produced in our laboratory. The chemical composition, microstructure, density, surface roughness and microhardness of an article made of powders of a Cu81-Ni19 copper-nickel alloy are considered. A comparative analysis of the structure, physical and mechanical properties of a sample obtained by the SLS method and the annealed rolled plate was carried out. The article microstructure is characterized by the absence of a typical signs of a crystalline structure and contains elements of a quasi-amorphous state. At the same time, the obtained material differs from the standard monolith billet with a lower surface roughness and a higher hardness values while maintaining almost the same density indices. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Modulation of NKp30- and NKp46-Mediated Natural Killer Cell Responses by Poxviral Hemagglutinin

Natural killer (NK) cells are an important element in the immune defense against the orthopox family members vaccinia virus (VV) and ectromelia virus (ECTV). NK cells are regulated through inhibitory and activating signaling receptors, the latter involving NKG2D and the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR), NKp46, NKp44 and NKp30. Here we report that VV infection results in an upregulation of ligand structures for NKp30 and NKp46 on infected cells, whereas the binding of NKp44 and NKG2D was not significantly affected. Likewise, infection with ectromelia virus (ECTV), the mousepox agent, enhanced binding of NKp30 and, to a lesser extent, NKp46. The hemagglutinin (HA) molecules from VV and ECTV, which are known virulence factors, were identified as novel ligands for NKp30 and NKp46. Using NK cells with selectively silenced NCR expression and NCR-CD3ζ reporter cells, we observed that HA present on the surface of VV-infected cells, or in the form of recombinant soluble protein, was able to block NKp30-triggered activation, whereas it stimulated the activation through NKp46. The net effect of this complex influence on NK cell activity resulted in a decreased NK lysis susceptibility of infected cells at late time points of VV infection when HA was expression was pronounced. We conclude that poxviral HA represents a conserved ligand of NCR, exerting a novel immune escape mechanism through its blocking effect on NKp30-mediated activation at a late stage of infection

Dietary and fluid compliance: An educational intervention for patients having haemodialysis

Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to determine the effect of an educational intervention on dietary and fluid compliance in patients having haemodialysis. Background. Many of the clinical problems experienced by patients having haemodialysis are related to their failure to eat appropriate foods and restrict their fluid intake. Educational intervention in patients having haemodialysis to improve their compliance with dietary and fluid restrictions appears to be effective. Methods. Sixty-three patients having haemodialysis in three general hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were allocated into two groups at random for oral and/or video education. They were asked to give demographic and medical data. Bimonthly average values of serum potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphate, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen and interdialytic weight gain were measured before and after the teaching programmes. The data were collected in 2007. Findings. Compliance in terms of biochemical parameters and interdialytic weight gain was observed in 63·5 and 76·2 of patients in the oral and video teaching groups respectively. Statistically significant correlations were observed between demographic variables (age, educational level and occupation) and dietary and fluid compliances (P < 0·001). There was no difference between the effectiveness of two educational interventions. Conclusion. Nurses should emphasize sodium compliance in patients having haemodialysis and explain its adverse effects, such as excessive weight gain, hypertension, and peripheral oedema. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd