Manufaktur Bodi Kendaraan Shell ECO Marathon (SEM) Tipe Urban Bahan Komposit Serat Karbon

In the development of manufacturing industry the use of composite materials began to be widely used. One of them is composite by using fiber glass or fiber carbon, because of its characteristic that can be designed close to certain needs. In addition the specific strength and stiffness are far exceeding the engineering material in general. This research uses carbon fiber composite material as vehicle body material Shell Eco Marathon (SEM), Which a fraction volume of 70% resin polyester and 30% of carbon fiber. The composite is made using Hand Lay Up method that produces vehicle body SEM of consist of main frame and styrofoam. The result of manufacturing the SEM vehicle body is obtained, so that it can be used as an Urban SEM vehicle body

The burden and risk factors for adverse drug events in older patients - a prospective cross-sectional study

Objective: To determine the burden and risk factors for adverse drug events (ADEs) in older patients. Design: A prospective cross-sectional study. Methods: Patients (65 years and older) presenting to the tertiary Emergency Unit of Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, between February and May 2005, were assessed for well established ADEs, as defined by the South African Medicines Formulary. Logistic regression models were fitted to determine drugs and other factors associated with the likelihood of developing ADEs. Results: ADEs were identified in 104 of the 517 (20%) presentations. The most frequently involved drug classes were cardiovascular (34%), anticoagulant (27%), analgesic (19%) and antidiabetic (9%). Patients who developed ADEs were more likely to have five or more prescription drugs (p < 0.0001), more than three clinical problems (p = 0.001), require admission (p = 0.04), and report compliance with medication (p = 0.02) than those who did not. Drugs shown to independently confer increased risk of ADEs were angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (RR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3 - 5.2, p = 0.009), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (RR = 4.1, 95% CI: 2.1 - 8.0, p < 0.0001) and warfarin (RR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.6 - 6.3, p = 0.0014). Conclusion: ADEs contribute significantly to the burden of elderly care in the Emergency Unit. In a setting such as ours, increased pill burden and certain drug classes are likely to result in increased risk of ADEs in the older population group.South African Medical Journal Vol. 96 (12) 2006: pp. 1255-125

Determinants of Self-Perceived HIV Risk in Young South Africans Engaged in Concurrent Sexual Relationships

Concurrent sexual partnerships are increasingly believed to be a key factor explaining the size of the HIV pandemic in Southern and Eastern Africa. Little, however, is known about what determines if persons in concurrent relationships develop a perception of being at risk for HIV infection. Data from a representative sample of 2245 young sexually active inhabitants of Cape Town, South Africa, were analysed using multivariate logistic regression to examine what the correlates of HIV risk were in both those involved in concurrent relations (termed the high risk group) and in those not (the low risk group). A considerable difference was noted between males and females. In the high risk group, amongst the males, secondary level education (as compared with primary or post-secondary level), and believing in monogamy (as a means of HIV risk reduction) were correlated with a decreased-perception-of-HIV-risk. The usage of drugs was associated with an increased-perception-of-HIV-risk. Amongst the females, a longer time since sexual debut, having experienced sexual coercion, a greater number of sex partners in the past year and knowing someone who died of AIDS were correlated with an increased-HIV-risk-perception (Afr. J. Reprod. Health 2010; 14[3]: 171-181).Key words: HIV risk perception, sexual partner concurrency, health belief model, illness representation theory, social identity theory, cognitive dissonance theory

Improved Stack-Slide Searches for Gravitational-Wave Pulsars

We formulate and optimize a computational search strategy for detecting gravitational waves from isolated, previously-unknown neutron stars (that is, neutron stars with unknown sky positions, spin frequencies, and spin-down parameters). It is well known that fully coherent searches over the relevant parameter-space volumes are not computationally feasible, and so more computationally efficient methods are called for. The first step in this direction was taken by Brady & Creighton (2000), who proposed and optimized a two-stage, stack-slide search algorithm. We generalize and otherwise improve upon the Brady-Creighton scheme in several ways. Like Brady & Creighton, we consider a stack-slide scheme, but here with an arbitrary number of semi-coherent stages and with a coherent follow-up stage at the end. We find that searches with three semi-coherent stages are significantly more efficient than two-stage searches (requiring about 2-5 times less computational power for the same sensitivity) and are only slightly less efficient than searches with four or more stages. We calculate the signal-to-noise ratio required for detection, as a function of computing power and neutron star spin-down-age, using our optimized searches.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, RevTeX