Design of Experiments for Screening

The aim of this paper is to review methods of designing screening experiments, ranging from designs originally developed for physical experiments to those especially tailored to experiments on numerical models. The strengths and weaknesses of the various designs for screening variables in numerical models are discussed. First, classes of factorial designs for experiments to estimate main effects and interactions through a linear statistical model are described, specifically regular and nonregular fractional factorial designs, supersaturated designs and systematic fractional replicate designs. Generic issues of aliasing, bias and cancellation of factorial effects are discussed. Second, group screening experiments are considered including factorial group screening and sequential bifurcation. Third, random sampling plans are discussed including Latin hypercube sampling and sampling plans to estimate elementary effects. Fourth, a variety of modelling methods commonly employed with screening designs are briefly described. Finally, a novel study demonstrates six screening methods on two frequently-used exemplars, and their performances are compared

Половые особенности линейных и угловых показателей черепа населения из квартала IXа Северного района Херсонеса (ХIII-ХIV вв. н.э.)

Проведено сравнение линейных и угловых показателей лицевого и мозгового отделов 11 относительно нормальных и 7 искусственно деформированных взрослых черепов из квартала IXа северного района Херсонеса (ХIII-ХIV вв н.э.) с учетом половых особенностей. Измерения показателей проводили на боковых рентгенограммах между следующими точками: Ba, B, V, G, L, N, Op, Or, Pr, S, Fca. Определяли среднее значение (М), стандартное квадратичное отклонение (sd), ошибку среднего (m), коэффициент вариации (C). Статистические различия между группами определяли с использованием критерия Вилкинсона-Манна-Уитни. Все показатели были классифицированы по степени вариабельности на 3 группы: с невысокой, средней и высокой вариабельностью. Одинаковым для группы с невысокой вариабельностью в относительно нормальных черепах мужского и женского пола оказались показатели G-Op, S-Pr, Ba-B, Ba-V, S-B, S-Fca, S-N, S-Or, N-S-B, N-S-L, N-S-Ba, S-Ba-O, S-N-Pr, N-Pr- S, в деформированных черепах – S-N, S-Fca, S-B, Ba-V, S-L, S-Pr, S-Or, Pr-N, Pr-Or, G-Op, Ba-B, N-SBa, N-S-L, N-Pr-S, S-N-Pr, S-Ba-O. Большинство изученных краниометрических показателей не имеют достоверных различий в зависимости от пола (при P<0.05), кроме показателей S-Pr и B-Ba у относительно нормальных черепов и S-Or и S-Ba у искусственно деформированных черепов. Проведено порівняння лінійних та кутових показників лицьового і мозкового відділів 11 відносно нормальних та 7 штучно деформованих черепів дорослих з кварталу IХа північного району Херсонесу (ХIII-ХIV ст н.е.) з урахуванням статевих особливостей. Вимірювання показників проводили на бічних рентгенограмах між такими точками: Ba, B, V, G, L, N, Op, Or, Pr, S, Fca. Визначали середнє значення (М), стандартне квадратичне відхилення (sd), помилку середнього (m), коефіцієнт варіації (C). Статистичні відмінності між групами визначали з використанням критерію Вилкинсона-Манна-Уїтні. Всі показники були класифіковані за ступенем коефіцієнту варіації на 3 групи: з невисокою, середньою та високою варіабельністю. Однаковим для групи з невисокою варіабельностью у відносно нормальних черепах чоловічої і жіночої статі опинилися показники G-Op, S-Pr, Ba-B, Ba-V, S-B, S-Fca, S-N, S-Or, N-S-B, N-S-L, N-S-Ba, S-Ba-O, S-N-Pr, N-Pr-S, в деформованих черепах – S-N, S-Fca, S-B, Ba-V, S-L, S-Pr, S-Or, Pr-N, Pr- Or, G-Op, Ba-B, N-S-Ba, N-S-L, N-Pr-S, S-N-Pr, S-Ba-O. Більшітсть вивчених краніометричних показників не мають достовірних відмінностей залежно від статі (при P<0.05), окрім показників S-Pr, Ba-B у відносно нормальних черепів і S-Or та S-B у штучно деформованих черепів. It was the aim of this study to investigate variability of cranial linear and angular marks in the neuro- and viscero-cranium of 11 normal and 7 artificially deformed skulls of adult individuals who lived in the the quarter of IXa of northland of Khersones in ХIII-ХIV centuries A.D. in relation to sexual features. Linear and angular marks were measured on a lateral roentgenograms between the following points: Ba, B, V, G, L, N, Op, Or, Pr, S, Fca. The mean value (M), standard quadratic deviation (sd), standard error of mean (m), coefficient of variation (C) were determined. Statistical analysis between groups was carried out using the Manna-Whitney test. A great number of linear and angular marks can be classified on the degree of variations into 3 groups with low, middle and high variation. Similar for a group with low variation were next marks: GOp, S-Pr, Ba-B, Ba-V, S-B, S-Fca, S-N, S-Or, N-S-B, N-S-L, N-S-Ba, S-Ba-O, S-N-Pr, N-Pr-S in normal skulls, and S-N, S-Fca, S-B, Ba-V, S-L, S-Pr, S-Or, Pr-N, Pr-Or, G-Op, Ba-B, N-S-Ba, N-S-L, N-Pr-S, S-NPr, S-Ba-O in artificially deformed skulls. The most studied craniometric indexes are not had reliable distinctions depending on a sex (at P<0.05), except for the indexes of S-Pr and B-Ba in normal skulls and SOr and S-Ba in artificially deformed skulls

Untangling knowledge creation and knowledge integration in enterprise wikis

A central challenge organizations face is how to build, store, and maintain knowledge over time. Enterprise wikis are community-based knowledge systems situated in an organizational context. These systems have the potential to play an important role in managing knowledge within organizations, but the motivating factors that drive individuals to contribute their knowledge to these systems is not very well understood. We theorize that enterprise wiki initiatives require two separate and distinct types of knowledge-sharing behaviors to succeed: knowledge creation (KC) and knowledge integration (KI). We examine a Wiki initiative at a major German bank to untangle the motivating factors behind KC and KI. Our results suggest KC and KI are indeed two distinct behaviors, reconcile inconsistent findings from past studies on the role of motivational factors for knowledge sharing to establish shared electronic knowledge resources in organizations, and identify factors that can be leveraged to tilt behaviors in favor of KC or KI

An assessment of technology-based service encounters & network security on the e-health care systems of medical centers in Taiwan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Enhancing service efficiency and quality has always been one of the most important factors to heighten competitiveness in the health care service industry. Thus, how to utilize information technology to reduce work load for staff and expeditiously improve work efficiency and healthcare service quality is presently the top priority for every healthcare institution. In this fast changing modern society, e-health care systems are currently the best possible way to achieve enhanced service efficiency and quality under the restraint of healthcare cost control. The electronic medical record system and the online appointment system are the core features in employing e-health care systems in the technology-based service encounters.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study implemented the Service Encounters Evaluation Model, the European Customer Satisfaction Index, the Attribute Model and the Overall Affect Model for model inference. A total of 700 copies of questionnaires from two authoritative southern Taiwan medical centers providing the electronic medical record system and the online appointment system service were distributed, among which 590 valid copies were retrieved with a response rate of 84.3%. We then used SPSS 11.0 and the Linear Structural Relationship Model (LISREL 8.54) to analyze and evaluate the data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The findings are as follows: (1) Technology-based service encounters have a positive impact on service quality, but not patient satisfaction; (2) After experiencing technology-based service encounters, the cognition of the service quality has a positive effect on patient satisfaction; and (3) Network security contributes a positive moderating effect on service quality and patient satisfaction.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It revealed that the impact of electronic workflow (online appointment system service) on service quality was greater than electronic facilities (electronic medical record systems) in technology-based service encounters. Convenience and credibility are the most important factors of service quality in technology-based service encounters that patients demand. Due to the openness of networks, patients worry that transaction information could be intercepted; also, the credibility of the hospital involved is even a bigger concern, as patients have a strong sense of distrust. Therefore, in the operation of technology-based service encounters, along with providing network security, it is essential to build an atmosphere of psychological trust.</p

Antimicrobial lubricant formulations containing poly(hydroxybenzene)-trimethoprim conjugates synthesized by tyrosinase

Poly(hydroxybenzene)-trimethoprim conjugates were prepared using methylparaben as substrate of the oxida- tive enzyme tyrosinase. MALDI-TOF MS analysis showed that the enzymatic oxidation of methylparaben alone leads to the poly(hydroxybenzene) formation. In the presence of tri- methoprim, the methylparaben tyrosinase oxidation leads poly(hydroxybenzene)-trimethoprim conjugates. All of these compounds were incorporated into lubricant hydroxyethyl cellulose/glycerol mixtures. Poly(hydroxybenzene)-trimetho- prim conjugates were the most effective phenolic structures against the bacterial growth reducing by 96 and 97 % of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis suspen- sions, respectively (after 24 h). A novel enzymatic strategy to produce antimicrobial poly(hydroxybenzene)-antibiotic conjugates is proposed here for a wide range of applications on the biomedical field.The authors Idalina Gonçalves and Cláudia Botelho would like to acknowledge the NOVO project (FP7-HEALTH- 2011.2.3.1- 5) for funding. Loïc Hilliou acknowledges the financial support by FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal (501100001871), through Grant PEst-C/CTM/LA0025/2013 - Strategic Project - LA 25 - 2013–2014, and by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2) through the project BMatepro – Optimizing Materials and Processes^, with reference NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000037 FEDER COMPETE

Inter-organizational governance and trilateral trust building: a case study of crowdsourcing-based open innovation in China

In a case study of a Chinese crowdsourcing intermediary, we explore the impact of inter-organizational governance on trilateral trust-building. We show that formal control and relational governance mechanisms are essential for swift and knowledge-based trust in R&D crowdsourcing. The case also indicates that Chinese businesses continue to use guanxi (informal personal connections) as a relational and contingent mechanism to maintain affect-based trust, but guanxi is shown to inhibit the growth of Internet-based crowdsourcing for open innovation in China

An App to Support Yoga Teachers to Implement a Yoga-Based Approach to Promote Wellbeing Among Young People: Usability Study

Many young people suffer from chronic stress and other issues that inhibit the functioning and development of the prefrontal cortex, and this also affects their intrinsic motivation to engage in any activity. In short, unless their well-being is addressed, they cannot engage effectively. The HIPPOCAMPUS project aims to address these issues by promoting the well-being of young people through the practice of a range of techniques derived from yoga. Yuva Yoga app is part of the approach to support the yoga-based practices with young people. It is a multiplatform mobile app developed as Backend as a Service both for Android and iOS. The first public version of the mobile app is part of the pilots implemented in the schools involved in the project, but there is not a special focus on the usability of the app. This work presents the heuristic evaluation of Yuva Yoga for iOS carried out by four experts as part of a major usability study that combines heuristic techniques, both iOS and Android, and empirical methods with users. Some problems were detected during the evaluation, but more of the problems have a low priority rating. They are mainly cosmetic problems that do not need to be fixed unless extra time is available on the project, or minor usability problems. The results have provided an important input to develop a new minor version of the mobile app, in order to improve the user experience in the pilots at schools