407 research outputs found
Does Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Correlation or Freedman-Clauser Correlation lead to the largest violation of Bell's Inequality?
An inequality is deduced from Einstein's locality and a supplementary
assumption. This inequality defines an experiment which can actually be
performed with present technology to test local realism. Quantum mechanics
violate this inequality a factor of 1.5. In contrast, quantum mechanics
violates previous inequalities (for example, Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt
inequality of 1969, Freedman-Clauser inequality of 1972, Clauser-Horne
inequality of 1974) by a factor of . Thus the magnitude of violation
of the inequality derived in this paper is approximately larger than
the magnitude of violation of previous inequalities. This result can be
particularly important for the experimental test of locality.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX file, no figure
Intravenous Paracetamol Versus Patient-Controlled Analgesia With Morphine for the Pain Management Following Diagnostic Knee Arthroscopy in Trauma Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Background: Most patients undergoing outpatient surgeries have the unpleasant experience of high level pain after surgery. Compared with open surgeries, arthroscopic procedures are less painful; however, inadequate pain management could be associated with significant concerns. Opioids alone or in combination with local anesthetics are frequently used for diminishing postoperative pain using intravenous or epidural infusion pumps. Despite morphine various disadvantages, it is commonly used for controlling pain after surgery.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare intravenous paracetamol and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine for the pain management following diagnostic knee arthroscopy in trauma patients.
Patients and Methods: Sixty trauma patients who were scheduled to undergo knee arthroscopy were randomly divided into two groups. Patients immediately received intravenous infusion of 1 g paracetamol within 15 minutes after surgery and every 6 hours to 24 hours in the paracetamol group. The patient-controlled analgesia group received morphine through PCA infusion pump at 2 mL/h base rate and 1mL bolus every 15 minutes. Pain level, nausea and vomiting, and sedation were measured and recorded during entering the recovery, 15 and 30 minutes after entering the recovery, 2, 6, and 24 hours after starting morphine pump infusion in the morphine and paracetamol in the paracetamol groups.
Results: There was no significant difference regarding the pain level at different times after entering the recovery between the two groups. No one from the paracetamol group developed drug complications. However, 22.3% in the PCA morphine suffered from postoperative nausea; there was a statistically significant difference regarding the sedation level, nausea, and vomiting at various times between the two groups.
Conclusions: Intravenous administration of paracetamol immediately after knee arthroscopy improved postoperative pain, decreased analgesic administration, maintained stable hemodynamic parameters, had no complications related to opiates, no nausea and vomiting, and increased patient satisfaction and comfort in comparison to PCA with morphine
Bell's inequality for n spin-s particles
The Mermin-Klyshko inequality for n spin-1/2 particles and two dichotomic
observables is generalized to n spin-s particles and two maximal observables.
It is shown that some multiparty multilevel Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states
[A. Cabello, Phys. Rev. A 63, 022104 (2001)] maximally violate this inequality
for any s. For a fixed n, the magnitude of the violation is constant for any s,
which provides a simple demonstration and generalizes the conclusion reached by
Gisin and Peres for two spin-s particles in the singlet state [Phys. Lett. A
162, 15 (1992)]. For a fixed s, the violation grows exponentially with n, which
provides a generalization to any s of Mermin's conclusion for n spin-1/2
particles [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1838 (1990)].Comment: REVTeX4, 4 page
Successful Tricuspid Valve Replacement in a Patient with Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Preserved Right Ventricular Systolic Function
A 56-year-old patient with severe pulmonary hypertension developed severe tricuspid regurgitation, right-sided heart failure, and congestive hepatopathy. She was transferred for possible lung transplant and/or tricuspid valve surgery. Clinical and echocardiographic assessment provided confidence that acute tricuspid valve failure was responsible for the decompensation and that tricuspid valve replacement despite pulmonary hypertension could be performed
Sufficient conditions for three-particle entanglement and their tests in recent experiments
We point out a loophole problem in some recent experimental claims to produce
three-particle entanglement. The problem consists in the question whether
mixtures of two-particle entangled states might suffice to explain the
experimental data.
In an attempt to close this loophole, we review two sufficient conditions
that distinguish between N-particle states in which all N particles are
entangled to each other and states in which only M particles are entangled
(with M<N). It is shown that three recent experiments to obtain three-particle
entangled states (Bouwmeester et al., Pan et al., and Rauschenbeutel et al.) do
not meet these conditions. We conclude that the question whether these
experiments provide confirmation of three-particle entanglement remains
unresolved. We also propose modifications of the experiments that would make
such confirmation feasible.Comment: 16 page
Optimal eavesdropping in quantum cryptography with six states
A generalization of the quantum cryptographic protocol by Bennett and
Brassard is discussed, using three conjugate bases, i.e. six states. By
calculating the optimal mutual information between sender and eavesdropper it
is shown that this scheme is safer against eavesdropping on single qubits than
the one based on two conjugate bases. We also address the question for a
connection between the maximal classical correlation in a generalized Bell
inequality and the intersection of mutual informations between sender/receiver
and sender/eavesdropper.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Bell's inequalities for states with positive partial transpose
We study violations of n particle Bell inequalities (as developed by Mermin
and Klyshko) under the assumption that suitable partial transposes of the
density operator are positive. If all transposes with respect to a partition of
the system into p subsystems are positive, the best upper bound on the
violation is 2^((n-p)/2). In particular, if the partial transposes with respect
to all subsystems are positive, the inequalities are satisfied. This is
supporting evidence for a recent conjecture by Peres that positivity of partial
transposes could be equivalent to existence of local classical models.Comment: 4 pages, REVTe
Gene Expression Profiling of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells Preceding a Clinical Diagnosis of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction.
BackgroundChronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD) is the main limitation to long-term survival after lung transplantation. Although CLAD is usually not responsive to treatment, earlier identification may improve treatment prospects.MethodsIn a nested case control study, 1-year post transplant surveillance bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples were obtained from incipient CLAD (n = 9) and CLAD free (n = 8) lung transplant recipients. Incipient CLAD cases were diagnosed with CLAD within 2 years, while controls were free from CLAD for at least 4 years following bronchoscopy. Transcription profiles in the BAL cell pellets were assayed with the HG-U133 Plus 2.0 microarray (Affymetrix). Differential gene expression analysis, based on an absolute fold change (incipient CLAD vs no CLAD) >2.0 and an unadjusted p-value â€0.05, generated a candidate list containing 55 differentially expressed probe sets (51 up-regulated, 4 down-regulated).ResultsThe cell pellets in incipient CLAD cases were skewed toward immune response pathways, dominated by genes related to recruitment, retention, activation and proliferation of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+ T-cells and natural killer cells). Both hierarchical clustering and a supervised machine learning tool were able to correctly categorize most samples (82.3% and 94.1% respectively) into incipient CLAD and CLAD-free categories.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a pathobiology, similar to AR, precedes a clinical diagnosis of CLAD. A larger prospective investigation of the BAL cell pellet transcriptome as a biomarker for CLAD risk stratification is warranted
Do all pure entangled states violate Bell's inequalities for correlation functions?
Any pure entangled state of two particles violates a Bell inequality for
two-particle correlation functions (Gisin's theorem). We show that there exist
pure entangled N>2 qubit states that do not violate any Bell inequality for N
particle correlation functions for experiments involving two dichotomic
observables per local measuring station. We also find that
Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskii-Klyshko inequalities may not always be optimal for
refutation of local realistic description.Comment: 4 pages, journal versio
Constraints on chiral operators in N=2 SCFTs
Open Access, © The Authors. Article funded by SCOAP3.
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CC-BY 4.0
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