Fuzzy Interpretation of Absorption in Solar Cells

This paper caters feed for the issue of ‘Energy Conservation’ taking into consideration the ideology of enhancing the availability and the utility of ‘Non-Conventional’ energy resources, as this is the medium the future globe ought to dominantly depend upon. The solar energy identified as the one in sustaining the required features of energy conservation is taken as the key factor of whose industrial element is the solar cell. This paper deals with the quanta factor of sun light on to a solar cell which is termed as the absorption to its proportionate current density generated. For this study the fuzzy interpretation is used on the various generation solar cells. The cut factors of the solar cells are fuzzyfied and analyzed with the absorption rate to predict the current density generation. Keywords: Energy, Solar cells, Absorption, Reflectivit

Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in chronic kidney disease

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension was frequently found in patients with chronic renal failure. Hormonal and metabolic derangements associated with CKD might lead to pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction and in increase of pulmonary vascular resistance. It also increased by high cardiac output due to anemia and volume overload. This might lead to increased morbidity in CKD patients. Aim: To study prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in chronic kidney disease. Material and Methods: This study was conducted on patients attending OP / IP departments in nephrology in RGGH Hospital. Patient had elevated eGFR>60ml/min/1.73m2 for more than 3 months taken into the study by inclusion and exlusion criteria. Investigations like Hb, RFT, serum calcium, Serum phosphate and serum albumin done. 2 D and M-ECHo done in patients PAP assessed by modified Bernoulli equation. PAP = 4 x (tricuspid systolic feet)2 + 10 mmHg (estimated right arterial pressure) PHT was defined as systolic PAP >35 mmHg. Results: 101 CKD belongs to stage 3,4,5 being studied. Among which prevalence of PHT is high among stage 5 CKD patients and also in patients on dialysis. There is significant prevalence among 51 – 60 age group. There is no specific gender difference, there is a positive correlation in lower Hb, serum calcium and high phosphorus value

Crumpled sheet like graphene based WO3-Fe2O3 nanocomposites for enhanced charge transfer and solar photocatalysts for environmental remediation

The combination of two or more metal oxides onto graphene sheets with even distribution is projected to enhanced charge transfer properties in photocatalytic applications. We report, tungsten oxide (WO3) with iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles grown on graphene sheets via a facile economical one pot hydrothermal method and consequently characterized by standard analytical techniques. Synthesized Fe2O3 with WO3 nanoparticles were well ornamented on surface of the graphene sheets which have a significant charge transfer properties. The resulting hybrid WO3-Fe2O3-rGO (WFG) nanocomposites showed enhanced photocatalytic, heavy metal removal and antibacterial activities. The superior photocatalytic removal efficiencies were observed for the removal of rhodamine B (∼94%) and methylene blue dyes (∼98%) under solar light irradiation. The antibacterial activity of WFG nanocomposites were performed against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) as models for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The outcome of the results have an intellectual effect on the use of WFG nanocomposites to address the upcoming energy and environment issues

Geometries, Electronic Structures and Electronic Absorption Spectra of Silicon Dichloride Substituted Phthalocyanine for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

The geometries, electronic structures, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities of Silicon dichloride substituted phthalocyanine dye sensitizer were studied based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) using the hybrid functional B3LYP. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrum was investigated by using a hybrid method which combines the single-excitation configuration interactions (CIS) with DFT, i.e. CIS-DFT(B3LYP). Features of the electronic absorption spectrum in the visible and near-UV regions were assigned based on CIS-DFT calculations. The absorption bands are assigned to n→π* transitions. Calculated results suggest that the three lowest energy excited states of Silicon dichloride substituted phthalocyanine are due to photoinduced electron transfer processes. The interfacial electron transfer between semiconductor TiO2 electrode and dye sensitizer is due to an electron injection process from excited dye to the semiconductor’s conduction band. The role of Silicon dichloride in phthalocyanine geometries, electronic structures and electronic absorption spectra were analysed and these results were concluded that Silicon dichloride substituted phthalocyanine used in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) give a good conversion efficiency

Home blood pressure monitors owned by participants in a large decentralised clinical trial in hypertension:the Treatment In Morning versus Evening (TIME) study

Various home blood pressure monitors (HBPMs) are available to the public for purchase but only some are validated against standardised protocols. This study aimed to assess whether HBPMs owned by participants taking part in a clinical trial were validated models. The TIME study is a decentralised randomised trial investigating the effect of antihypertensive medication dosing time on cardiovascular outcomes in adults with hypertension. No HBPMs were provided to participants in this trial but patients were asked to report if they already owned one. We identified the model of HBPM reported by participants, then cross-referenced this against lists of validated HBPMs produced by dabl Educational Trust and the British and Irish Hypertension Society (BIHS). Of 21,104 participants, 10,464 (49.6%) reported their model of HBPM. 7464 (71.3%) of these participants owned a monitor that could be identified from the participants’ entry. Of these, 6066 (81.3%) participants owned a monitor listed as validated by either dabl (n = 5903) or BIHS (n = 5491). Some were listed as validated by both. 1398 (18.7%) participants owned an identifiable HBPM that lacked clear evidence of validation. 6963 (93.3%) participants owned an upper arm HBPM and 501 (6.7%) owned a wrist HBPM. Validated HBPMs had a higher median online retail price of £45.00 compared to £20.00 for HBPMs lacking clear evidence of validation. A significant number of participants own HBPMs lacking evidence of validation

An Application Oriented Integrated Unequal Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network consists of group of interconnected devices which are used to sense and exchange the gathered data from the sensing field to understand the perceptual information of the real world. For the importance of monitoring the real world environment, this paper introduces Application Based Integrated Framework for Unequal Clustering Algorithm in WSN. In this chapter the proposed algorithms are integrated together to comprise the data aggregation, cluster formation, Cluster Head election and re-clustering for prolonging the network lifetime in both small scale and large scale application of WSN. The proposed algorithms are chosen based on the required parameters for specified applications. The result shows that the proposed algorithm selects the preeminent suited clustering algorithm for particular applications significantl

Factors influencing home blood pressure monitor ownership in a large clinical trial

Home blood pressure monitor (HBPM) ownership prevalence and the factors that influence it are unclear. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with HBPM ownership among participants in the Treatment in Morning versus Evening (TIME) hypertension study. This study is a sub-analysis of the TIME study, a randomised trial investigating the effect of day-time versus night-time dosing of antihypertensive medication on cardiovascular outcomes in adults with hypertension. As part of the TIME study online registration process, participants were asked to indicate whether they owned an HBPM. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to determine factors associated with HBPM ownership. Of 21 104 randomised participants, 11 434 (54.2%) reported owning an HBPM. The mean age of all participants at enrolment was 67.7 ± 9.3 years, 12 134 (57.5%) were male, and 8 892 (42.1%) reported a current or previous history of smoking. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of reporting HBPM owned include being male (OR:1.47; 95% CI 1.39-1.56) or residing in a less deprived socioeconomic region (IMD Decile 6-10) (OR:1.31; 95% CI 1.23-1.40). Participants with a history of diabetes mellitus (OR:0.74; 95% CI:0.64-0.86) or current smokers, compared to non-smokers, (OR:0.71; 95% CI:0.62-0.82) were less likely to report owning an HBPM. This study has identified important patient factors influencing HBPM ownership. Further qualitative research would be valuable to identify and explore potential patient-level barriers to engagement with self-monitoring of blood pressure