Sequential Enzymatic and Oxidative Pre-Treatment Effect on Natural Lignocellulosic Fibres

In order to get the aesthetic look or making fibre to fabric for apparel purpose or for good quality hessians, sackings, bags, etc. one must do the pre-treatment processes like scouring, degumming, bio-scouring, bleaching, etc. This will enhance the efficiency, easiness and effectiveness during yarn making, fabric making, spinnability, dyeing, etc. In this work, study has been targeted to achieve finer, brighter and whiter fibre while maintaining the strength of the fibre. Four natural fibres namely Corchorus olitorius (Jute), Musa domestica (Banana), Linum usitatissimum (Flax) and Boehmeria nivea (Ramie) were undergone pre-treatment processes like scouring, degumming, enzyme treatment and bleaching in sequential manner. Lignin content, gummy matter and yellowness of the fibre goes on decreasing while fineness, whiteness and brightness kept on increasing with each subsequent chemical treatment and washing. The outcome of the work was the scoured, enzyme treated, and bleached jute, banana, flax and ramie fibre with enhanced fineness, smoothness and whiteness which can be further used for yarn and fabric making, dyeing and apparel preparation

Postoperative outcomes in oesophagectomy with trainee involvement

BACKGROUND: The complexity of oesophageal surgery and the significant risk of morbidity necessitates that oesophagectomy is predominantly performed by a consultant surgeon, or a senior trainee under their supervision. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of trainee involvement in oesophagectomy on postoperative outcomes in an international multicentre setting. METHODS: Data from the multicentre Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Study Group (OGAA) cohort study were analysed, which comprised prospectively collected data from patients undergoing oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer between April 2018 and December 2018. Procedures were grouped by the level of trainee involvement, and univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to compare patient outcomes across groups. RESULTS: Of 2232 oesophagectomies from 137 centres in 41 countries, trainees were involved in 29.1 per cent of them (n = 650), performing only the abdominal phase in 230, only the chest and/or neck phases in 130, and all phases in 315 procedures. For procedures with a chest anastomosis, those with trainee involvement had similar 90-day mortality, complication and reoperation rates to consultant-performed oesophagectomies (P = 0.451, P = 0.318, and P = 0.382, respectively), while anastomotic leak rates were significantly lower in the trainee groups (P = 0.030). Procedures with a neck anastomosis had equivalent complication, anastomotic leak, and reoperation rates (P = 0.150, P = 0.430, and P = 0.632, respectively) in trainee-involved versus consultant-performed oesophagectomies, with significantly lower 90-day mortality in the trainee groups (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Trainee involvement was not found to be associated with significantly inferior postoperative outcomes for selected patients undergoing oesophagectomy. The results support continued supervised trainee involvement in oesophageal cancer surgery

Selective vibration control in a generic launch vehicle AIAA Paper 98-4930

Suppression of vibration is almost universally desirable; nevertheless, in some structures, it is necessary to attenuate the vibration at certain critical parts faster. In launch vehicles, vibration is undesirable at locations where critical components, such as the inertial platform, are mounted. Vibration confinement and suppression of response at a faster rate at critical locations on a generic launch vehicle (GLV) are studied herein. A mathematical model of the GLV is generated using finite element techniques. The order of the system is reduced to a size that permits a feasible controller design. The open-loop system is characterized by the presence of rigid body modes. The controller design is based on a recent extension of the eigenspace assignment for vibration confinement. When applied to this problem, the response of the closed-loop system shows the suppression of the vibration at the selected location to be 50 percent faster than at other locations.13

Sequential Enzymatic and Oxidative Pre-Treatment Effect on Natural Lignocellulosic Fibres

630-636In order to get the aesthetic look or making fibre to fabric for apparel purpose or for good quality hessians, sackings, bags, etc. one must do the pre-treatment processes like scouring, degumming, bio-scouring, bleaching, etc. This will enhance the efficiency, easiness and effectiveness during yarn making, fabric making, spinnability, dyeing, etc. In this work, study has been targeted to achieve finer, brighter and whiter fibre while maintaining the strength of the fibre. Four natural fibres namely Corchorus olitorius (Jute), Musa domestica (Banana), Linum usitatissimum (Flax) and Boehmeria nivea (Ramie) were undergone pre-treatment processes like scouring, degumming, enzyme treatment and bleaching in sequential manner. Lignin content, gummy matter and yellowness of the fibre goes on decreasing while fineness, whiteness and brightness kept on increasing with each subsequent chemical treatment and washing. The outcome of the work was the scoured, enzyme treated, and bleached jute, banana, flax and ramie fibre with enhanced fineness, smoothness and whiteness which can be further used for yarn and fabric making, dyeing and apparel preparation

Hierarchical exploration of drying patterns formed in drops containing lysozyme, PBS, and liquid crystals

Biological systems, by nature, are highly complex. These systems exhibit diverse hierarchical spatial and temporal features when driven far from equilibrium. The generated features are susceptible to the initial conditions that largely depend on vast parameter space. Extracting information on their properties and behavior thus becomes far too complex. This work seeks to examine the drying kinetics of the drops containing a globular protein (lysozyme (Lys)), phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and thermotropic liquid crystal (LCs). The drying evolution and the morphological crack patterns of these drops are examined using high-resolution microscopy, textural image analysis, and statistical methods. This study observes that the textural parameters can identify the (i) phase separation of the salts present in the PBS and (ii) the LCs’ birefringence during the drying evolution. This birefringence activities of the LCs slow down when the initial PBS concentration is increased from 0.25 to 1× despite using a fixed volume of LCs. To comprehend such a surprising effect, the combinations of (i) Lys+PBS and (ii) PBS+LCs are thoroughly examined. A phase diagram is established as a function of initial concentrations of Lys and PBS. The scanning electron microscopic images of Lys+PBS reveal that the tuning between lysozyme and salt concentrations in PBS plays a significant role in determining the morphological patterns. The Lys drops with and without LCs exhibit two distinct regions: the peripheral ring (“coffee-ring”) and the central ones. This phase-separated ring formation indicates that the film containing Lys and salts might have formed on top of these LCs in the central region, which reduces the optical response (birefringence) of LCs. A physical mechanism is proposed in this paper to anticipate the redistributions of LCs in a multi-component system such as Lys+PBS+LC

Post-operative elevation of the neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio predicts complications following oesophageal resection

Meeting AbstractSoc Acad & Res Sur

Substrate and Topsoil Impact on Soil Water and Soil Temperature in Arctic Diamond Mine Reclamation

Soil properties in the Arctic are insufficiently explored and documented, particularly extensive monitoring of soil water and soil temperature over a period of time. Soil water and soil temperature are critical for understanding land surface and atmosphere interactions and are considered key factors for revegetation during mine reclamation. This study assessed how substrate and topsoil influenced soil temperature and soil water content at a reclaimed diamond mine in the Northwest Territories of Canada. Three substrates (crushed rock, processed kimberlite, and lake sediment) with and without topsoil were used. Mean air temperature changed little from year to year, although summer temperature showed a slightly increasing trend. Both annual and summer precipitation sharply declined over time. Soil water was influenced more by substrate than by placing 10 cm of topsoil on it. Processed kimberlite had greater water retention characteristics and water content than lake sediment and crushed rock substrates (significantly). Surface soil water content was lower with than without topsoil, suggesting that 10 cm of topsoil was not enough to influence it. Soil temperatures were not influenced by either substrate or topsoil. This study suggests processed kimberlite could be used as a substrate component for water and temperature management during reclamation of this extreme environment

Flutter Characteristics of HANSA2 (NALLA 2C)

A detailed analysis of the aeroelastic characteristics13; of HANSA2 has been carried out by using three different13; methodologies. All the lifting surfaces of the aircraft13; viz., wing,horizontal tail and fin, are of a large aspect ratio. Hence they can be adequately represented by a typical section, at 75%. of the semispan, for the purpose of calculation of the critical speeds and frequencies.These calculations have been further sub startiated by those based on the CAA charts and finite element analysis. The balancing masses used on the three control surfaces viz., aileron, elevator and rudder have been checked for both static and dynamic balancing by the use of CAA charts. The calculations indicate adequate margins for both flutter and divergence speed