Enhancing Bremsstrahlung Production From Ultraintense Laser-Solid Interactions With Front Surface Structures

We report the results of a combined study of particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo modeling that investigates the production of Bremsstrahlung radiation produced when an ultraintense laser interacts with a tower-structured target. These targets are found to significantly narrow the electron angular distribution as well as produce significantly higher energies. These features combine to create a significant enhancement in directionality and energy of the Bremstrahlung radiation produced by a high-Z converter target. These studies employ short-pulse, high intensity laser pulses, and indicate that novel target design has potential to greatly enhance the yield and narrow the directionality of high energy electrons and $\gamma$-rays. We find that the peak $\gamma$-ray brightness for this source is 6.0$\times$10$^{19}$ ${\rm s^{-1}mm^{-2}mrad^{-2}}$ at 10MeV and 1.4$\times$10$^{19}$ ${\rm s^{-1}mm^{-2}mrad^{-2}}$ at 100MeV (0.1$\%$ bandwidth).Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1310.328

Pemberian bantuan hukum oleh posbakum kepada masyarakat kurang mampu dalam perkara pidana

The Government of Aceh launched a legal aid program for underprivileged communities to protect and provide assistance to disadvantaged people in Aceh who are facing legal problems. Legal assistance for underprivileged people has been mandated by Law Number 16 of 2011, Concerning Legal Aid. Aceh Qanun Number 8 of 2017 and Governor Regulation Number 10 of 2019 are local regulations issued to strengthen efforts to provide legal assistance to underprivileged communities. But in reality, the provision of legal aid to underprivileged people at the Lhokseumawe Class 1B District Court still experiences many obstacles, especially from Posbakum as the party that has provided legal assistance, but does not get assistance fees and other constraints. The formulation of the problem in this research is what are the obstacles faced by the Legal Aid Post to provide legal assistance to underprivileged people in criminal cases at the Lhokseumawe Class 1 B District Court and what efforts are made by the Legal Aid Post when overcoming obstacles to the implementation of providing legal aid to underprivileged people in criminal cases at the Lhokseumawe Class 1B District Court. This type of research is an empirical juridical research, namely an integrative and conceptual method of analysis to identify, process and analyze documents to understand the meaning, significance, and relevance that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from the people or observed behavior. The results showed that the obstacles faced by Posbakum in providing legal assistance to the underprivileged were the delay in receiving the indictment documents submitted by the court for the Note of Defense, the lack of budget, and psychological pressure experienced by the defendant from the start of the BAP to the ongoing trial and the lack of public understanding of the existence of legal aid provided by the State. Efforts made in overcoming obstacles to the implementation of providing legal aid to the underprivileged are requesting an indictment letter from the Bhakti Keadilan Legal Institute, requesting an allocation of funds for the implementation of legal aid for underprivileged people, providing moral support to the defendant and increasing socialization efforts about assistance Law from the State to the people. It is recommended that the Regional Government and the Aceh DPR be allocated funds to Posbakum to make it more effective and efficient in providing legal assistance to underprivileged people

Retargeted adenoviruses for radiation-guided gene delivery

The combination of radiation with radiosensitizing gene delivery or oncolytic viruses promises to provide an advantage that could improve the therapeutic results for glioblastoma. X-rays can induce significant molecular changes in cancer cells. We isolated the GIRLRG peptide that binds to radiation-inducible 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), which is overexpressed on the plasma membranes of irradiated cancer cells and tumor-associated microvascular endothelial cells. The goal of our study was to improve tumor-specific adenovirus-mediated gene delivery by selectively targeting the adenovirus binding to this radiation-inducible protein. We employed an adenoviral fiber replacement approach to conduct a study of the targeting utility of GRP78-binding peptide. We have developed fiber-modified adenoviruses encoding the GRP78-binding peptide inserted into the fiber-fibritin. We have evaluated the reporter gene expression of fiber-modified adenoviruses in vitro using a panel of glioma cells and a human D54MG tumor xenograft model. The obtained results demonstrated that employment of the GRP78-binding peptide resulted in increased gene expression in irradiated tumors following infection with fiber-modified adenoviruses, compared with untreated tumor cells. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of adenoviral retargeting using the GRP78-binding peptide that selectively recognizes tumor cells responding to radiation treatment

Limitation on Prepulse Level for Cone-Guided Fast-Ignition Inertial Confinement Fusion

The viability of fast-ignition (FI) inertial confinement fusion hinges on the efficient transfer of laser energy to the compressed fuel via multi-MeV electrons. Preformed plasma due to the laser prepulse strongly influences ultraintense laser plasma interactions and hot electron generation in the hollow cone of an FI target. We induced a prepulse and consequent preplasma in copper cone targets and measured the energy deposition zone of the main pulse by imaging the emitted K_α radiation. Simulation of the radiation hydrodynamics of the preplasma and particle in cell modeling of the main pulse interaction agree well with the measured deposition zones and provide an insight into the energy deposition mechanism and electron distribution. It was demonstrated that a under these conditions a 100 mJ prepulse eliminates the forward going component of ∼2–4 MeV electrons

Measurement and comparison of individual external doses of high-school students living in Japan, France, Poland and Belarus -- the "D-shuttle" project --

Twelve high schools in Japan (of which six are in Fukushima Prefecture), four in France, eight in Poland and two in Belarus cooperated in the measurement and comparison of individual external doses in 2014. In total 216 high-school students and teachers participated in the study. Each participant wore an electronic personal dosimeter "D-shuttle" for two weeks, and kept a journal of his/her whereabouts and activities. The distributions of annual external doses estimated for each region overlap with each other, demonstrating that the personal external individual doses in locations where residence is currently allowed in Fukushima Prefecture and in Belarus are well within the range of estimated annual doses due to the background radiation level of other regions/countries

PEMBERATAN PIDANA DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DANA BANTUAN SOSIAL

Tindak Pidana Korupsi adalah kejahatan yang dilakukan oleh seseorang maupun badan hukum yang disengaja perbuatan tersebut melawan hukum dan didasari untuk memperkaya diri sendiri, kelompok maupun badan hukum yang secara merugikan perekonomian negara. Hukuman terhadap para pelaku tindak pidana korupsi seringkali tidak diputuskan sesuai dengan peraturan yang telah ditetapkan, seperti pada kasus Binahati B Baeha dan Muhir. Sebagaimana seperti aturan mengenai pemberatan yang terdapat dalam Pasal 52 KUHP dan Pasal 2 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif. Adapun bahan hukum penelitian ini bersumber dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Aturan dalam Pasal 2 ayat (2) sebenarnya sudah cukup kuat untuk mengikat hakim dalam memutuskan kasus tindak pidana korupsi dengan pemberatan. Namun pada kenyataan hakim tidak pernah memutuskan suatu perkara korupsi dengan hukuman mati sekalipun kasus tersebut telah memenuhi unsur pemberatan. Hakim juga dinilai tidak tegas dalam memutuskan hukuman terhadap pelaku tindak pidana korupsi dengan pemberatan, hakim cenderung memutuskan suatu perkara hanya berlandaskan pada dakwaan yang diberikan oleh jaksa. Melihat dua kasus yang telah diputuskan, terlihat bahwa kedua kasus telah memenuhi unsur-unsur perbuatan yang dapat dijatuhi hukuman dengan pemberatan, namun tidak terdapat adanya pemberatan didalam hukuman yang dijatuhkan hakim kepada dua pelaku yang melakukan tindak pidana korupsi bantuan sosial. Disarankan kepada hakim agar dapat menjatuhkan hukuman kepada seseorang yang melakukan tindak pidana korupsi bantuan sosial sesuai dengan ketentuan pemberatan mengingat kejahatan yang dilakukan telah memenuhi unsur pemberatan dan diharapkan juga agar hakim lebih mempertimbangkan hal-hal yang memberatkan pada saat menjatuhi hukuman

Single-shot divergence measurements of a laser-generated relativistic electron beam

Copyright 2010 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Physics of Plasmas, 17(11), 113106_1-113106_7, 2010 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351459