Potential Use of Botanical Termiticide

Termite is one of the most dangerous wood destroying insects and life crop plantations. Termites are commonly controlled using synthetic chemicals which can cause environmental hazzards. However, there are various environmentally methods for controlling termites, including the use of plant extracts and essential oils derived from plants such as orange, clove, and citronella oils. Orange oil has been used quite intensed in the USA, though many questioned concerning the long lasting effect of the oil. The paper is aimed to present general view on the potential use of botanical termiticides and its possible strategy to develop. Various kinds of termites can be found in different ecosystems in Indonesia, such as urban forest trees, plantations, and soils. Synthetic termiticides can be applied as whole treatment and localized treatment. Although the whole treatment is more expensive, but it is more effective because it uses fumigants such as chemicals (sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide) or heat. However, these chemicals are known to be ozon depletors. In contrary, the localized treatment is cheaper, but it is less effective and require repetead aplications. The key success in all treatment of termites in any structures is early detection of termite infestation such as signs of damage wood, fecal pellets, and discarded wings. Various plant extracts and essential oils show termiticide activities against different kinds of termites comparable to synthetic termiticide. For example, a formulated botanical pesticide containing clove and citronella oils is effective against dry-wood termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus). Application of 5% of the formula kill the termite and protect the treated wood almost complete (score 9,8 out of 10) indicating that the formula is potential to be developed. This formula and other potential botanical termiticides need to be evaluated and improved to become more feasible both practically and economically. A main limitation for developing of botanical termiticides is its mass production and its price which can compete with the synthetic ones

PENGARUH OLAHRAGA PERNAFASAN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KADAR BETA ENDORPHIN, INTERLEUKIN-2, INTERLEUKIN-4, INTERLEUKIN-6, IMUNOGLOBULIN G, dan HORMON KORTISOL (Sebuah Kajian Imunologi Pada Aktivitas Fisik)

The purpose of the research to expressing the changing of immunity at breathing exercise. This research represent of experimental. Device used “randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Population is student M A Mu'Alimin Yogyakarta. sample at every group 15 people. As unit analyse in this research taken away from blood cubiti vena. At this research which specified as variable depended as follows: rate of IL 6, IL 4, IL 2, cortisol, Beta Endorphin, and IgG. Training program conducted during 7 week, 3x /week, submaximal intensity, 6 set/session. This program executed on evening. Inspection laboratory of variable use ELISA method. The data analysis with descriptive statistic and inferensial with computerize SPSS for windows. Then statistical multivariat analysis and discriminant analysis. The result showed that sample characteristic data after normality test got p>0,05 normal, and homogeneous (p>0,05). Result of the moderator variable (tables 5.2) included in normal span. Dependent variable, after normality test got p>0,05, normal, and lavene’s test got p>0,05, homogeneous. Result of manova got p: 0,000, its meaning there are difference between group (Wilk Lambda, p<0,05). At discriminant matric structure can be explained the correlation between free variable and discriminant function formed that seen beta endorphin (0.501) its more strong relation with of discriminant function, followed by interleukin 6 (0.367). while other have less meaning. Discriminator variable representing function contribution every discriminator to modulation immunity emerging is beta endorphin, interleukin 6 and interleukin 4. Thereby hence beta endorphin have strongest contribution to increase immunity compared to the other variable. Conclusion: On the fact result, descriptive research which reported by Suparto, (2001), that breathing exercise can increase physical fitness and impenetrability of proven body manifestly. Breathing exercise increase beta endorphin, immunoglobulin G and Interleukin 6, while interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 do not happened increase. Cortisol nor happened degradation meaning, but at treatment and also control group there are indicate degradation of rate cortisol. Immunity Modulation which cause breathing exercise stressor got by 3 group owning strong contribution on the basis concept of psychoneuroimmunologic. Breathing exercise represent stimuli at path of limbic-hipothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (LHPA) generating immunomodulator process on the basis of physiobiologic paradigm which psychoneuroimmunologic concept. Keyword: breathing exercise, immunity, modulation FIK, 2007 (PEND. KEPELATIHAN

Feasibility Of One–Dedicated–Lane Bus Rapid Transit ⁄Light–Rail Systems And Their Expansion To Two–Dedicated–Lane Systems: A Focus On Geometric Configuration And Performance Planning, MTI Report 08-01

This report consists primarily of two parts, the first on feasibility and the next on space minimization. In the section on feasibility, we propose the concept of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) or light–rail system that effectively requires only one dedicated but reversible lane throughout the system to support two-way traffic in the median of a busy commute corridor with regular provision of left–turn lanes. Based on key ideas proposed in that section, the section on space minimization first addresses how to implement a two–dedicated–lane BRT or light–rail system with minimum right–of–way width and then proposes ways to expand a one–dedicated–lane system to two dedicated lanes. In a one–dedicated–lane system, traffic crossing is accommodated on the otherwise unused or underused median space resulting from provision of the left–turn lanes. Although not necessary, some left–turn lanes can be sacrificed for bus stops. Conceptual design options and geometric configuration sketches for the bus stop and crossing space are provided in the section on feasibility, which also discusses system performance in terms of travel speed, headway of operations, distance between two neighboring crossing spaces, and number of crossing spaces. To ensure practicality, we study implementation of such a system on an existing corridor. Such a system is also useful as an intermediate step toward a two–dedicated–lane system because of its potential for facilitating transit–oriented development. In typical existing or planned BRT or light–rail systems implemented with two dedicated traffic lanes, a space equivalent to four traffic lanes is dedicated for a bus stop. In the section on space minimization, we propose implementations requiring only three lanes at a bus stop, based on two key ideas proposed for a one–dedicated–lane system. That section also discusses ways to expand a one–dedicated–lane system to its corresponding two–dedicated–lane system

Arsitektur Aplikasi Twitter Opinion Mining Untuk Mengetahui Sentimen Publik Terhadap Merek Produk

Merek suatu produk adalah ciri khas produk tersebut dan mencerminkan daya tarik serta kekuatan diterimanya suatu produk di tengah pasar. Opini publik pada suatu merek ini penting bagi pemilik merek karena pemilik merek dapat membantu memprediksi penjualan produk merek tersebut di masa depan dan mengetahui posisi suatu merek diantara kompetitornya. Data yang dapat dipakai oleh proses opinion mining dapat diperoleh dari twitter dan facebook. Karena data tersebut sangat variatif benuknya dan sangat tidak terstruktur maka harus dikelola dan diseragamkan menggunakan teknik data preproccesing menjadi data semi terstruktur. Data semi terstruktur ini dilanjutkan dengan tahap klasifikasi untuk mengkategorikan opini tersebut menjadi opini negatif atau positif. Penelitian tentang klasifikasi pada data opini berbentuk teks sudah banyak dilakukan tetapi umumnya metode-metode yang dipakai tidak mengakomodasi masalah pembobotan pada variabel-variabel pembentuk opini. Untuk mengakomodasi pembobotan maka penelitian ini menggunakan Weighted Association Rule Mining Classifier. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan studi literatur dimana penelitian akan menelaah penelitian sebelumnya dengan topik yang hampir sama. Telaah difukuskan pada menemukan arsitektur yang tepat untuk mengembangkannya menjadi aplikasi twitter opinion mining untuk mengetahui sentimen publik terhadap merek produk

Aspek Sosial Dalam Gadai

Pawn classical jurists expressed only personal. This means that debts that only occurs between a person in need and someone who has excess property. In the current era, in accordance with the development and economic progress, the lien applies not only between private, but also between private financial institutions, such asbanks. In the current era, in accordance with the development and economic progress, the lien applies not only between private, but also between private financial institutions, such as banks. To obtain credit from financial institutions, banks are also demanding collateral items that can be held by the bank as collateral for a loan

Model Penelusuran Citra Digital Pada Database Citra Menggunakan Pendekatan Perhitungan Kedekatan Pola Warna

Pencarian citra digital sangat dibutuhkan di berbagai bidang kehidupan terutama pada aktifitas yang mengandalkan pemanfaatan citra sebagai bagian dari otentifikasi atau identitas khusus. Penelusuran citra digital yang umumnya berbentuk sebuah image bitmap dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara. Pada penelitian ini cara mengenali suatu citra dengan cara mengenali pola warna dari citra tersebut kemudian dibandingkan dengan pola warna gambar yang hendak dicari. Proses pembandingan pola warna dapat dilakukan per pixel kedua citra pada posisi pixel yang bersesuaian. Semakin kecil jarak warna antara pixel citra yang dikenali dengan pixel citra yang dijadikan acuan pencarian maka kedua citra tersebut semakin mirip atau sesuai. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan citra bitmap 24 bit dimana dalam citra bitmap tersebut setiap komponen warna merah, hijau dan biru memiliki 256 derajat kecerahan. Database citra mengandung banyak citra bitmap 24 bit dengan ukuran yang sama. Sebagai kasus pada penelitian ini menggunakan kumpulan citra wajah yang diperoleh melalui kamera digital. Metode pencocokan jarak warna menggunakan perhitungan selisih kode warna merah, hijau, dan biru pada pixel yang bersesuaian. Kemudian selisih jarak tersebut dihitung menggunakan rumus jarak Euclidean. Semua jarak pixel-pixel yang bersesuaian pada satu kali pencocokan citra dijumlahkan sehingga diperoleh persen kemiripan antara citra yang dicari dengan citra acuan. Proses pembandingan jarak dilakukan bagi semua citra dalam database citra. Proses ini dilakukan secara sekuensial. Maka citra yang memiliki persen kemiripan yang tertinggi akan menjadi citra yang paling mirip dengan citra acuan

Studi Analisis Waktu Layan Bangunan Beton: Pengaruh Penggunaan Mineral Tambahan Pada Campuran Beton

. This paper discussed about the effects of mineral additions on mix-design of concrete based on service life analysis. The service life analysis was modeled as function of raw material characteristics and mix-design of concrete. The deterioration of concrete structure that caused by corrosion became consideration of service life analysis in this paper. The results of simulation show that adding silicafume to mix-design concrete is most effective method to increase the service life of concrete structure. Furthermore, adding silicafume, slag, and fly ash to mix-design of concrete make concrete more friendly to global environment

Pelaksanaan Good Corporate Governance (GCG) dalam Perseroan Terbatas

Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is importance for company. With applications GCG, management company will walk efficient and effective, so that affect in, that is: big the so small profit that be got to company, big not it risk that be undergone to company that can evoke loss, well guaranted not it effective production in companies, and to watch over continuity effort. Wri-ting method that used juridical normatif, as to data collecting technique is got from literature watchfulness. As to principles gcg, that is justice principle (justice), transparancy, accountability, responsibility, independency, equivalence and spontanity (fairness), while execution good corpo-rate governance (gcg), decision making system follows gcg in limited liability, conflict of interest stockholder, commissioner, and management