Development Of Saponin Based Wettable Powder Formulation from Phaleria macrocarpa To Control Pomacea maculate

Apple snail is one of the 100 invasive alien species of the world and saponin proved to be the most effective and promising bioactive compound to manage this pest. This study was conducted to develop a saponin based wettable powder formulation from Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Borel and to evaluate its efficacy against Pomacea maculata Perry undrer laboratory and glasshouse conditions. Results revealed that all prepared saponin based wettable formulations shown molluscicide effects towards P. maculata. However, F4 formulation consisted of Terwet® 157, Terspers® 2700 and Kaolin at proportion of 15:15:70 revealed significantly higher feeding deterrent activities among prepared formulations and it was not significantly different from positive controls niclosamide and tea seed cake. In terms of lethel effects, the shortest LT50 (154 minutes) was recorded in niclosamide followed by 702 minutes in F4 formulation and 728 minutes in tea seed cake. F4 formulation along with positive control tea seed cake was further assessed in glasshouse condition. F4 formulation illustrated shortest LT50 value (750 minutes) with lowest feeding consumption percentage (0.6%) compared to LT50 (784 minutes) and feeding consumption percentage (1.3%) in positive control tea seed cake. Feeding consumption percentage (40.6%) was recorded for negative control water. Results sugest that F4 saponin based wettable powder overall performed better and can be efficiently used to control the apple snails as an eco friendly botanical molluscicide

Axisymmetric Stagnation Flow of a Micropolar Nanofluid in a Moving Cylinder

An analysis is carried out for axisymmetric stagnation flow of a micropolar nanofluid in a moving cylinder with finite radius. The coupled nonlinear partial differential equations of the problem are simplified with the help of similarity transformations and the resulting coupled nonlinear differential equations are solved analytically by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The features of the flow phenomena, inertia, heat transfer, and nanoparticles are analyzed and discussed

Development of Saponin based Nano emulsion formulations from Phaleria macrocarpa to Control Aphis gossypii

Aphis gossypii is one of the most devastating insect pests of agricultural crops due to its polyphagous nature. A sustainable environment friendly method to manage this pest is botanical aphicides because of their easily biodegradability and overall safety. In this study, saponin based nano emulsions from Phaleria macrocarpa with Termul 1284 and methyl oleate /rapeseed oil were formulated and tested against A. gossypii for their efficacy in both laboratory and glasshouse conditions.  Results exhibited that all three formulated nano emulsions effectively suppressed A. gossypii population under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. However, TR3 revealed highest repellency (62%) and mortality percentage (100%) with lowest LC50 (1516 mg-L1) and LT50 (27.50 h), following by TM1 repellency (58%) and mortality percentage (98%) with lowest LC50 (1732 mg-L1) and LT50 (34.43 h). Glasshouse bioassay also revealed that TR3 (Termul 1284+rapeseed oil) and TM1 (Termul 1284+methyl oleate) could suppress A. gossypii population at LC50 values of 2512 and 2904 mg-L1 at 72 hours and LT50 values of 68.7 and 71.2 hours at 10000 mg-L1 respectively. Therefore, these both formulations could be considered as eco-friendly alternative approach in pesticides technology

Boundary layer flow of second grade fluid in a cylinder with heat transfer

An analysis is carried out to obtain the similarity solution of the steady boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a second grade through a horizontal cylinder. The governing partial differential equations along with the boundary conditions are reduced to dimensionless form by using the boundary layer approximation and applying suitable similarity transformation. The resulting nonlinear coupled system of ordinary differential equations subject to the appropriate boundary conditions is solved by homotopy analysis method HAM . The effects of the physical parameters on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the model are presented. The behavior of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt numbers is studied for different parameters

Assessment of factors affecting quality of life in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients using university of washington quality of life questionnaire

Introduction Post-treatment Quality of Life (QOL) is considered an important outcome in cancer patients. A number of questionnaire tools have been designed for its assessment. University of Washington Quality of Life (UW QOL) questionnaire version four is a reliable tool for assessment of post-treatment QOL in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Our aim was to identify the post-treatment problems faced by OSCC patients and to assess the impact of clinical factors affecting post-treatment QOL by using UW QOL (version four) questionnaire. Methods The study was conducted on 59 patients with OSCC who were treated with curative intent at Patel Hospital, Karachi from August 2015 to September 2015. Patients were asked to fill the UW QOL questionnaire (version four) on their follow-up visit. Results Overall mean composite QOL score was 66.59 ± 16.98. Chewing and saliva (dryness of mouth) had the lowest scores (38.98 ± 37.2 and 56.78 ± 41.4, respectively) among all domains while pain and anxiety had the highest scores (80.93 ± 20.4 and 79.66 ± 29.8, respectively). Patients having tumors of the tongue, late stage (III and IV) tumors, and restricted mouth opening had significantly lower mean composite QOL scores. Patients with tongue tumors revealed significantly lower scores for pain, swallowing, mood, and anxiety. Patients with late-stage tumors showed significantly lower scores for chewing, swallowing, taste, saliva, appearance, anxiety, and recreation. Patients with restricted mouth opening had significantly lower scores for pain, speech, appearance, recreation, and anxiety domains. Conclusion Different clinical features have different impacts on QOL in terms of problems faced by the patients. Features having a significant effect should be identified, and measures focused on most relevant problems should be employed in order to improve the post-treatment QOL

Suitability of various plant derived gelling agents as agar substitute in microbiological growth media

Eleven putative gelling agents were investigated as agar substitutes. These included arrowroot (Maranta arundinaceae), coconut powder (Cocos nucifera), corn flour (Zea mays var. amylacea), gel rite (a water-soluble polysaccharide produced by Sphingomonas elodea), glue (Cyanoacrylates), katira gum (Cochlospermum religiosum), guar gum (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus L.), isubgol husk (Plantago ovata), pectin and rice (Oryza sativa L.) powder. Among these, guar gum was found a promising alternate candidate for agar. Media solidified with 2.8% guar gum was transparent and supportive for the growth of three test fungi (Trichoderma harzianum, Alternaria alternata and Alternaria solani) as good as agar. Guar gum also excelled in terms of cost benefit ratio when compared with agar. Guar gum fortified media was found to cost $0.005/L as compared to agar supplemented media costing$ 1.17/L. Further, guar gum is easily available and can be added with ease thereby serving as a suitable and inexpensive substitute of agar and thus, can be adopted for routine microbiological testing in resource poor countries.Key words: Guar gum, media, agar, gelling agents

A single MIU motif of MINDY-1 recognizes K48-linked polyubiquitin chains

The eight different types of ubiquitin (Ub) chains that can be formed play important roles in diverse cellular processes. Linkage‐selective recognition of Ub chains by Ub‐binding domain (UBD)‐containing proteins is central to coupling different Ub signals to specific cellular responses. The motif interacting with ubiquitin (MIU) is a small UBD that has been characterized for its binding to monoUb. The recently discovered deubiquitinase MINDY‐1/FAM63A contains a tandem MIU repeat (tMIU) that is highly selective at binding to K48‐linked polyUb. We here identify that this linkage‐selective binding is mediated by a single MIU motif (MIU2) in MINDY‐1. The crystal structure of MIU2 in complex with K48‐linked polyubiquitin chains reveals that MIU2 on its own binds to all three Ub moieties in an open conformation that can only be accommodated by K48‐linked triUb. The weak Ub binder MIU1 increases overall affinity of the tMIU for polyUb chains without affecting its linkage selectivity. Our analyses reveal new concepts for linkage selectivity and polyUb recognition by UBDs

Wind resource assessment for an industrial city in Saudi Arabia

Papers presented to the 11th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, South Africa, 20-23 July 2015.This study presents the wind resources assessment of Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia. The hourly mean wind speed measurements at 10, 50, and 90 m above ground level (AGL) for five years (2008 to 2012) are used for this study. The wind resources assessment includes annual, seasonal and diurnal wind speed statistics, wind roses, Weibull distribution parameters, local values of wind shear exponent (WSE) and energy output from a 2 MW rated wind turbine. At 10, 50, and 90 m AGL the mean wind speeds were found to be 3.34, 4.79 and 5.35 m/s respectively. The monthly wind speed variation showed that the wind speed was highest in month of June and lowest in October over the entire period of data collection. The annual mean wind speed showed a decreasing trend from 2008 to 2010 but again increased in 2011 and 2012. The most prevalent wind direction at all three heights was from north-west. Wind was found to be available around 76% of time above 3.5 m/s at 50 and 90 m AGL. The local wind shear exponent calculated using wind speed values at three heights was found to vary seasonally from 0.146 to 0.283. Wind shear exponent correlation is presented for wind speed extrapolation to required hub heights. The mean power density at 10, 50 and 90 m was 50.92, 116.03, and 168.46 W/m2. The annual energy production from a commercially available wind turbine was estimated to be 3,847 MWh/year with a plant capacity factor of 22%.am201

Axisymmetric Stagnation Flow of a Micropolar Nanofluid in a Moving Cylinder

An analysis is carried out for axisymmetric stagnation flow of a micropolar nanofluid in a moving cylinder with finite radius. The coupled nonlinear partial differential equations of the problem are simplified with the help of similarity transformations and the resulting coupled nonlinear differential equations are solved analytically by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The features of the flow phenomena, inertia, heat transfer, and nanoparticles are analyzed and discussed