Analysis of Environmental Protection Expenditures and Their Influence on the Quality of the Environment

The environment is an important element in ensuring working and living conditions, but the evolution of industries, especially those polluting branches, have had the effect of deteriorating the quality of the environment. Measures to protect it are becoming increasingly necessary.Environmental protection must be a priority in all aspects of our work, and we must look for ways to protect the Earth's resources for future generations.In the article we have presented an analysis of the evolution of environmental protection expenditures. Environmental protection expenditure is the economic measure of the response of the community to solve environmental problems at a given time.Companies in the national economy reserve funds for environmental protection activities. The amounts allocated differ from one sector of activity to another, but also from one year to another.The field of environmental protection is considered very important for the population. Expenditures on environmental protection involve, on the one hand, expenditures for carrying out environmental surveillance and protection activities, and, on the other hand, expenditures related to the prevention or repair of damages caused to it.It is found that the costs involved in environmental protection are greatly reduced when its degradation is prevented, compared to the situation in which it needs to be repaired.The environment must be protected not only by the requirements of European directives but also by a national program to eliminate pollution.Regarding the expenditures for environmental protection in Romania, the situation was much improved by increasing the amounts available, as a result of economic growth, but also of budget revenues

Analysis of environmental protection expenditures and their influence on the quality of the environment

The environment is an important element in ensuring working and living conditions, but the evolution of industries, especially those polluting branches, have had the effect of deteriorating the quality of the environment. Measures to protect it are becoming increasingly necessary.Environmental protection must be a priority in all aspects of our work, and we must look for ways to protect the Earth's resources for future generations.In the article we have presented an analysis of the evolution of environmental protection expenditures. Environmental protection expenditure is the economic measure of the response of the community to solve environmental problems at a given time.Companies in the national economy reserve funds for environmental protection activities. The amounts allocated differ from one sector of activity to another, but also from one year to another.The field of environmental protection is considered very important for the population. Expenditures on environmental protection involve, on the one hand, expenditures for carrying out environmental surveillance and protection activities, and, on the other hand, expenditures related to the prevention or repair of damages caused to it.It is found that the costs involved in environmental protection are greatly reduced when its degradation is prevented, compared to the situation in which it needs to be repaired.The environment must be protected not only by the requirements of European directives but also by a national program to eliminate pollution.Regarding the expenditures for environmental protection in Romania, the situation was much improved by increasing the amounts available, as a result of economic growth, but also of budget revenues

Cathepsin K deficiency in mice induces structural and metabolic changes in the central nervous system that are associated with learning and memory deficits

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cathepsin K is a cysteine peptidase known for its importance in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Inhibitors of cathepsin K are in clinical trials for treatment of osteoporosis. However, side effects of first generation inhibitors included altered levels of related cathepsins in peripheral organs and in the central nervous system (CNS). Cathepsin K has been recently detected in brain parenchyma and it has been linked to neurobehavioral disorders such as schizophrenia. Thus, the study of the functions that cathepsin K fulfils in the brain becomes highly relevant.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Cathepsin K messenger RNA was detectable in all brain regions of wild type (WT) mice. At the protein level, cathepsin K was detected by immunofluorescence microscopy in vesicles of neuronal and non-neuronal cells throughout the mouse brain. The hippocampus of WT mice exhibited the highest levels of cathepsin K activity in fluorogenic assays, while the cortex, striatum, and cerebellum revealed significantly lower enzymatic activities. At the molecular level, the proteolytic network of cysteine cathepsins was disrupted in the brain of cathepsin K-deficient (<it>Ctsk</it>^-/-) animals. Specifically, cathepsin B and L protein and activity levels were altered, whereas cathepsin D remained largely unaffected. Cystatin C, an endogenous inhibitor of cysteine cathepsins, was elevated in the striatum and hippocampus, pointing to regional differences in the tissue response to <it>Ctsk </it>ablation. Decreased levels of astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein, fewer and less ramified profiles of astrocyte processes, differentially altered levels of oligodendrocytic cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, as well as alterations in the patterning of neuronal cell layers were observed in the hippocampus of <it>Ctsk</it>^-/-mice. A number of molecular and cellular changes were detected in other brain regions, including the cortex, striatum/mesencephalon, and cerebellum. Moreover, an overall induction of the dopaminergic system was found in <it>Ctsk</it>^-/-animals which exhibited reduced anxiety levels as well as short- and long-term memory impairments in behavioral assessments.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We conclude that deletion of the <it>Ctsk </it>gene can lead to deregulation of related proteases, resulting in a wide range of molecular and cellular changes in the CNS with severe consequences for tissue homeostasis. We propose that cathepsin K activity has an important impact on the development and maintenance of the CNS in mice.</p

Aspects regarding the risk in banking activity

The paper presents the diversity of banking risk which is found today at the center of banking business. Very important is knowledge of banking risks, because the financial activity is through its nature subject to uncertainty and risk. Banking risk must be viewed as a complex of events with adverse consequences for the bank, most often independent, through the fact that they may have common causes or through the fact producing of one that can generate in chain also other adverse events. Once with the expansion at national and international level of traditional systems of credit, financial markets have become more fragile, the uncertainty degree was emphasized, all of these having as support the multiplication of the risks specific to the financial-banking system

Application of the evaluating methods of the stocks at the exit from the patrimony in Romania

In the present paper I intend to approach the evaluation of material current assets at the exit from the heritage, concidering the changes occurred in recent years in the accounting system from Romania and considering the importance that the stocks has on the result of the exercise. Throughout the paper we highlighted the general aspects regarding the stocks, stocks evaluation, and also the advantages and disadvantages in the use of evaluation methods of the stocks at the exit from the patrimony from the Romanian system. Starting from the aspects with general character and in full conformity with International Accounting Standards, we presented calculation methods used in evaluation of stocks at the exit from patrimony

The conflict between producers and users accounting information

The accounts in addition to render the idea that it is an instrument of knowledge and management of economic values separate bears patrimonial liability, as obedient and literature, there is also a social phenomenon crossed the contradictions of society and has become a very important one for various social protagonists, each trying to take advantage according to his interests. The product provides it can only be the result of a compromise between multiple expectations and requirements. It does not fully satisfy all the plaintiffs, which, in spite of all, he did not alter the authority and prestige