Use of the tax benefit of conventional remuneration of share capital by Portuguese companies

This article aimed to analyze the use of the tax benefit of conventional remuneration of share capital (CRSC) by Portuguese companies and perceive the influence of tax policies on their financing decisions. Most of the studies are based on the relationship between financing through debt capital and taxation, in which evidence is found that tax benefits influence the capital structure of companies. There is a lack of studies in Portuguese companies. The article is relevant as it adds the increase in capital variable, because in some countries, particularly Portugal, there are also tax incentives through the own-capital financing route. Thus, this investigation provides results of Portuguese companies choosing own-capital financing before and after tax changes that incentivize its use. The empirical study was conducted through a survey questionnaire, using a sample composed of 324 Portuguese companies with economic activity. The article contributes to the study of the relationship between own-capital financing and the existing tax law in Portugal. The tax benefit of CRSC has not been enough for companies to alter their financing policy when they have to choose between resorting to debt capital and injecting new funds through capital holders. However, this incentive has led to a reduction in debt capital, through its conversion into capital, and an increase in capital through the incorporation of earnings generated, with both these practices potentially representing tax planning opportunities. Despite there being the perception that the acceptance of interest as a tax expense favors company financing through debt capital, there is recognition that this benefit incentivizes the capitalization of companies and their financing through own capital, as an alternative to debt capital, especially in medium-sized companies.publishe

Gestão dos custos da qualidade em apoio à tomada de decisão

A fabricação de produtos com defeito é uma realidade mesmo diante dos avanços tecnológicos e das modernas técnicas de gerenciamento da produção. Esse fenômeno tem causas raízes, traz custos indesejáveis e não planejados, pois, insumos e recursos foram empregados. As indústrias necessitam estabelecer ações para destinação desses produtos rejeitados ou reprovados pelos requisitos de qualidade com o objetivo de minimizar os custos da qualidade na categoria falhas, considerando os riscos de recuperação em detrimento aos custos com falhas externas ou descarte destes produtos. A combinação ótima entre investimentos em qualidade, a fim de prevenir defeitos, em comparação aos altos custos com falhas, é um fator preponderante para as organizações rumarem na direção da melhoria contínua da qualidade, considerando que qualidade também é reduzir custos com atividades que não agregam valor, como inspeções pós produção e falhas. Portanto, este trabalho apresenta uma revisão de literatura acerca do tema custos da qualidade com o objetivo de sistematizar a informação de vários autores e ainda encontrar lacunas ou oportunidades de estudo. Além dos conceitos e definições, a revisão aborda a metodologia PAF para classificação, medição e gestão dos custos da qualidade com algumas considerações críticas e adaptações a implementação do referido modelo. O foco da discussão é a gestão dos custos da qualidade quanto a viabilidade econômica do retrabalho ou descarte de produtos com defeito considerando as dimensões qualidade e custo no processo decisório.The production of faulty products is a reality even in the face of technological advances and of modern production management techniques. This phenomenon has roots causes, brings unwanted and unplanned costs therefore inputs and resources were employed. The industries need to establish actions to destination of these products rejected or failed quality requirements in order to minimize the costs of quality in category crashes, considering the risks over recovery of the costs with external failures or disposal of these products. The optimum combination between investment in quality, in order to prevent defects, compared to the high costs of failure, is a major factor for organizations moving towards the continuous improvement of quality, whereas quality is also lower costs with activities that don't add value, as post production inspections and crashes. Therefore, this paper presents a review of the literature on the subject of quality costs in order to systematize the information of several authors and still find gaps or opportunities for study. In addition to the concepts and definitions, the review discusses the methodology, measurement and classification PAF for management of quality costs with some critical considerations and adjustments to the implementation of the said model. The focus of the discussion is the cost of quality management as the economic viability of rework or dispose of faulty products considering the dimensions quality and cost in the decision-making process

Nursing Relational Laboratory: Educational, dialogical and critical projet

[EN] Nursing is a relational profession and communication is the basic instrument in its practice. The Nursing Relational Laboratory aims to collaborate in the development of communication skills of students of the Nursing, using Portuguese sign language, dramatization and emotional facial expression. 73 students participated (Experimental group; EG; n=38; Control group; CG; n=35). General self-efficacy scale(GSES), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression Module(PHQ-9), assertiveness questionnaire(ASS), Emotional Thermometer(ET), Inventory of Barrett-Lennard interpersonal relations(OS-M-40), and autoscopies, are used. The main results were as follows: a) better outcomes of EG on final autoscopy; b) significant reduction of the levels of assertiveness and revolt from the beginning to the end in EG; c) lower levels of emotional distress and need for help of EG, compared with CG at the beginning; d) lower levels of emotional distress, anxiety, need for help, empathy and congruence, and higher levels of revolt and unconditionality in EG, at the end; e) teachers recognize the high potential of the LRE. The LRE allowed the development of communicational skills of GE students through sign language, drama and emotion analysis. It is incentivized the development of projects in the area and reinforces the importance of this skills training in health professionals.http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/HEAD/HEAD18Torres, A.; Soares, S.; Carvalhais, M. (2018). Nursing Relational Laboratory: Educational, dialogical and critical projet. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD18.2018.8170OCS111598116